打字稿：***编译时***验证两种类型是否相等？

Question

I'm looking to have the equivalent of C static_assert() , but only usable against compile-time data, such as type information (which isn't emitted).

I'd like something similar to the following...

 type TStrLit_0 = 'a' | 'b' | 'C' | 'd'; type TStrLit_1 = 'a' | 'b' | 'C' | 'd'; type TStrLit_2 = 'a' | 'b' | 'c' | 'd'; type TStrLit_3 = 'a' | 'b' | 'C' ; type TStrLit_4 = 'a' | 'b' | 'C' |'d' | 'e'; static_assert( TypesAreEqual<TStrLit_0, TStrLit_1>() ); static_assert( !TypesAreEqual<TStrLit_0, TStrLit_1>() ); static_assert( !TypesAreEqual<TStrLit_0, TStrLit_1>() ); static_assert( !TypesAreEqual<TStrLit_0, TStrLit_1>() ); static_assert( !TypesAreEqual<TStrLit_0, TStrLit_1>() ); type TObject_0 = { a: number, b: string }; type TObject_1 = { a: number, b: string }; type TObject_2 = { a: number, b: number }; type TObject_3 = { a: number, B: string }; type TObject_4 = { a: number }; type TObject_5 = { a: number, b: string, c: number }; type TObject_6 = { a: any, b: any }; static_assert( TypesAreEqual<TObject_0, TObject_1>() ); static_assert(!TypesAreEqual<TObject_0, TObject_2>() ); static_assert(!TypesAreEqual<TObject_0, TObject_3>() ); static_assert(!TypesAreEqual<TObject_0, TObject_4>() ); static_assert(!TypesAreEqual<TObject_0, TObject_5>() ); static_assert(!TypesAreEqual<TObject_0, TObject_6>() );

What I'm looking for is the generic ability to have typescript-specific, compile-time-only assertions based on the type information.

The compiler already generates the type information, but it's not emitted and thus any runtime assertions have to first change the source to emit extra metadata.

(eg, for string literals, generating the type from an as const string array, adding typeguard functions, out-of-band tracking the relationship between those string literal types and the source string arrays, ... ugh!)

Having compile-time type information assertions would allow embedding assumed invariants into the code, saving future maintainers pain when they unknowingly violate those invariants.

Does anything like this already exist?

Would this require changes to the TypeScript core, or can it be done with existing functionality?

Thanks!

Answer 1

Starting with the links in early comments(*), I came up with the following:

type TypesAreEqual2<T, U> = [T] extends [U] ? [U] extends [T] ? true : false : false;

This appears to work for all the (admittedly simple) test cases I could come up with in 20 minutes:

See https://tsplay.dev/wRGDnN

(*) majusebetter pointed to a similar question that jcalz answered in 2018. Alex Wayne provided a tsplayground link. Neither of those solutions was exactly what I was looking for, but both were helpful in getting me the results I was looking for. Thanks to you both!