如何将编码为字典列表的表格直接写入包含 CSV 的压缩存档？

Question

Suppose you have data in the form of a list of dictionaries like d here:

d = [{'a' : 1, 'b' : 2}, {'a' : 3, 'c' : 5}]

and you want to save it as a comma-separated table to a zipped (not gzipped, I mean a .zip archive) CSV without going via, eg, a pandas.DataFrame.from_dict() .

Why not via pandas ? Because d in real practice may correspond to a very large, but especially sparse , DataFrame, ie a table with many more columns than non-NA data per row, which for some reason occupies a huge amount of memory (BTW this is not a theory: it made our scripts crash several times, hence our need to work around it).

d is a sort of unpivoted-in-disguise version of the data, because each dictionary only contains the relevant data, not a useless sequence of NA's.

From the csv module's documentation I learned how to write d directly to a CSV:

with open('test.csv', 'w') as csvfile :
    writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames = ['a','b','c'])
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerows(d)

but I don't see any option to write to a zipped CSV.

I consulted the documentation of zipfile , but I could not make it work, due to the usual problem between text and bytes.

if os.path.exists('test.csv.zip') :
    os.remove('test.csv.zip')
with zipfile.ZipFile('test.csv.zip', mode = 'a') as zip :
    with zip.open('test.csv', 'w') as csvfile :
        writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames = ['a','b','c'])
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(d)

# TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Can anyone think of a workaround, or maybe a radically different approach that I am not seeing?

The fundamental constraints are:

1. d is always going to be generated: this we cannot decide or change
2. avoid generating very large objects that consume as much memory or disk space as the dense pandas.DataFrame.from_dict()
3. the data must be written to a csv.zip archive.

Otherwise we would write to a CSV, hoping that it is not too huge (but yeah, that was the initial issue, so...), and zip it afterwards.

---

EDIT posting the implementation from Daweo's answer, for completeness.

import os
import zipfile
import csv
import codecs
utf8 = codecs.getwriter('utf_8') # or other encoding dictated by requirements

output_zip_file = 'test.csv.zip'

if os.path.exists(output_zip_file) :
    os.remove(output_zip_file)
with zipfile.ZipFile(output_zip_file, mode = 'a') as zip :
    with zip.open('out.csv', 'w') as csvfile :
        writer = csv.DictWriter(utf8(csvfile), fieldnames = ['a','b','c'])
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(d)

Answer 1

You might use codecs.StreamWriter if you want to use csv.DictWriter with binary file-handle, consider following simple example

import csv
import codecs
utf8 = codecs.getwriter('utf_8') # or other encoding dictated by requirements
with open("file.csv","wb") as f:
    writer = csv.DictWriter(utf8(f), fieldnames = ['a','b','c'])
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerows([{'a':1},{'b':2},{'c':3}])

creates file.csv holding

a,b,c
1,,
,2,
,,3