Git，设置.gitignore 忽略所有文件EXCEPT.conf 文件，也包括子目录

Question

How to get Git to ignore all files in a directory and ALSO in its subdirectories except for.conf files?

Currently I have this in my.gitignore:

!/some/dir/
/some/dir/*
!/some/dir/**/
!/some/dir/**/*.conf

So, I want to ignore all files in /some/dir/ and also its subdirectories, except for *.conf files.

But it is not ignoring any file in /some/dir/.

For example, /some/dir/somefile is not ignore, /some/dir/subdir/anotherfile is not ignore also. I just want to not ignore files like: /some/dir/subdir/file.conf.

Answer 1

You may wish to tweak this in various ways, but here's the simplest thing I know of that meets your stated requirements. Create a .gitignore file inside some/dir that reads:

*
!*/
!*.conf

and you're all set.

Here is an example:

$ mkdir test-ignore
$ cd test-ignore
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in ...
$ echo test ignore rules > README
$ git add README 
$ git commit -m initial
[master (root-commit) 33962fc] initial
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 README
$ mkdir -p some/dir/a some/dir/b
$ touch some/dir/file some/dir/a/a.conf some/dir/b/b.conf some/dir/a/ignored
$ cat > some/dir/.gitignore << END
> *
> !*/
> !*.conf
> END
$ git add .
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
        new file:   some/dir/a/a.conf
        new file:   some/dir/b/b.conf

$ 

Explanation

• * means ignore everything (that is currently untracked, of course; tracked files cannot be ignored).
• */ means if it's a directory, don't ignore it, do search it , and being later in the file, this overrides a previous entry; of course, being searched does not make files in the directory get added, but the subdirectory does get scanned;
• .* conf means if a file's base name matches *.conf , don't ignore it , so any files in some/dir named that are named *.conf , or any files in any subdirectory of some/dir that are named *.conf , are not-ignored and hence get added.

That's why some/dir/a/a.conf did get added, but some/dir/a/ignored did not.

(You didn't specify in text what you want to do with some/dir/somefile and some/dir/thing.conf so I had the same rules apply here: file is ignored and thing.conf is not-ignored. I think that's what you intended with .**/* conf .)

In general, moving a .gitignore file "down the tree" as far as it goes will simplify it, so it's easier to put this in some/dir/.gitignore . The general rule */ , close enough to the end of a .gitignore , forces Git not to short-circuit the scanning of subdirectories found recursively. Other than these two rules (which should be obvious, but aren't always obvious at first), the rest is obvious.