如何在 awk 中将 camelCase 字符串拆分为数组？

Question

How can I split a camelCase string into an array in awk using the split function?

Input:

STRING="camelCasedExample"

Desired Result:

WORDS[1]="camel"
WORDS[2]="Cased"
WORDS[3]="Example"

Bad Attempt:

split(STRING, WORDS, /([a-z])([A-Z])/);

Bad Result:

WORDS[1]="came"
WORDS[2]="ase"
WORDS[3]="xample"

Answer 1

You can't do it with split() alone which is why GNU awk has patsplit() :

$ awk 'BEGIN {
    patsplit("camelCasedExample",words,/(^|[[:upper:]])[[:lower:]]+/)
    for ( i in words ) print words[i]
}'
camel
Cased
Example

Answer 2

With your shown samples, please try following. Written and tested in GNU awk should work in any awk . This will create array named words whose values could be accessed from index starting 1,2,3 and so on. I am printing it as an output, you can make use of it later on as per your wish too.

awk -F'=|"' -v s1="\"" '
{
  gsub(/[A-Z]/,"\n&",$3)
  val=(val?val ORS:"")$3
}
END{
  num=split(val,words,ORS)
  for(i=1;i<=num;i++){
    if(words[i]!=""){
      print "WORDS[" ++count "]=" s1 words[i] s1
    }
  }
}
' Input_file

Explanation: Adding detailed explanation for above awk code.

awk -F'=|"' -v s1="\"" '                     ##Starting awk program, setting field separator as = OR " and setting s1 to " here.
{
  gsub(/[A-Z]/,"\n&",$3)                     ##Using gsub to globally substitute captial letter with new character and value itself in 3rd field.
  val=(val?val ORS:"") $3                    ##Creating val which has $3 in it and keep adding values in val itself.
}
END{                                         ##Starting END block of this program from here.
  num=split(val,words,ORS)                     ##Splitting val into array arr with delmiter of ORS.
  for(i=1;i<=num;i++){                       ##Running for loop from value of 1 to till num here.
    if(words[i]!=""){                          ##Checking if arr item is NOT NULL then do following.
       print "WORDS[" ++count "]=" s1 words[i] s1    ##Printing WORDS[ value of i followed by ]= followed by s1 words[i] value and s1.
    }
  }
}
'  Input_file                                ##Mentioning Input_file name here.

Answer 3

Here is an awk solution that would work with any version of awk :

s='camelCasedExample'
awk '{
   while (match($0, /(^|[[:upper:]])[[:lower:]]+/)) {
      wrd = substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH)
      print wrd
      # you can also store it in array
      arr[++n] = wrd
      $0 = substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
   }
}' <<< "$s"

camel
Cased
Example

Answer 4

 echo 'camelCasedExample' | mawk '{ for (_=(____=split($((_=_<_) * gsub("[>-[]", (___)"&")), __, ___) )^_; _<=____; _++) { print "","__["(_)"]",__[_] } }' OFS=':: ' FS='^$' ___='\20\22'

 :: __[1] :: camel
 :: __[2] :: Cased
 :: __[3] :: Example