如何从 url 接收参数，模板字符串中有“*”？

Question

I have 2 string: 1 is template of url, 2 is url string. How do receive parameters from url, where i have "*" in template string?

I want to have possibility substitute different values instead of "*". for example: /user/{id}, /user/{id}/{name} etc, how i'ts have done in laravel (Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) { return 'User '.$id; });)

/category/*/product/* - template url, that i pass to the route (route->get(/category/*/product/*) - it's my route.

/category/2/product/3 - url, that i get from $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']

I need to get parameters 2 and 3 from url /category/2/product/3 by template /category/*/product/*. also parameters can be string (such as a category like "t-shirts") or are they numeric like 2

if my problem can be solve preg_match() - it's will be nice!

Thank you for help!

Answer 1

I would do the following to your pattern:

1. Replace the * by a regular expression pattern such as ([^/?]+) where the () are to capture the piece you want, where [^/?] means any char which is not a slash or question mark and where + means one or several times.

2. Add a ^ at the beginning to say that is should start with the given URL pattern. This is to avoid matching /something/user/3 because we only want to match if it starts with /user/3 .

Then for the given URL recieved from the request, I would just verify that it starts with a slash and add one if it's missing. I don't know if a server configuration could create this case or not. I put some in my test cases to show you.

The PHP code:

<?php

$tests = [
    [
        'pattern' => '/user/*',
        'urls' => [
            '/user/78',
            'user/78',
            '/user/78/james',
            '/user/james',
            '/user/james/edit-profile',
            '/user',
            'user/',
            '/users/list',
        ],
    ],
    [
        'pattern' => '/category/*/product/*',
        'urls' => [
            '/category/2/product/3',
            '/category/2/product/3?page=2',
            '/category/t-shirts/product/3/t-shirt-nike-blue-ocean',
            'category/t-shirts/product/4',
            '/cagegory/t-shirts',
        ],
    ],
];

foreach ($tests as $test) {
    // Get the pattern with the * syntax.
    $pattern = $test['pattern'];
    print "Pattern : $pattern\n";
    
    // Convert it into a regular expression.
    // The regex pattern delimiter is ~ instead of the usual / to make it easier.
    // Replace '~' at the end by '~i' if you want it case-insensitive.
    $pattern_regex = '~^' . str_replace('*', '([^/?]+)', $pattern) . '~';
    print "Regex   : $pattern_regex\n\n";
    
    // Test all the URLs
    foreach ($test['urls'] as $url) {
        // As the URL to test might start with a slash or not, we'll always add it if necessary.
        $url_with_leading_slash = preg_replace('~^(?=[^/])~', '/', $url);
        
        // Test the URL with the pattern.
        if (preg_match($pattern_regex, $url_with_leading_slash, $match_groups)) {
            // We don't need the full match so we drop item 0.
            array_shift($match_groups);

            print "$url\n";
            foreach ($match_groups as $i => $group) {
                print "  * --> $group\n";
            }
            print "\n";
        } else {
            print "No match for $url\n";
        }
    }
    
    print "\n" . str_repeat('-', 80) . "\n\n";
}

Result:

Pattern : /user/*
Regex   : ~^/user/([^/?]+)~

/user/78
  * --> 78

user/78
  * --> 78

/user/78/james
  * --> 78

/user/james
  * --> james

/user/james/edit-profile
  * --> james

No match for /user
No match for user/
No match for /users/list

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pattern : /category/*/product/*
Regex   : ~^/category/([^/?]+)/product/([^/?]+)~

/category/2/product/3
  * --> 2
  * --> 3

/category/2/product/3?page=2
  * --> 2
  * --> 3

/category/t-shirts/product/3/t-shirt-nike-blue-ocean
  * --> t-shirts
  * --> 3

category/t-shirts/product/4
  * --> t-shirts
  * --> 4

No match for /cagegory/t-shirts

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You can play with it here: https://onlinephp.io/c/56699