有人可以解释一下 python 中的这个正则表达式模式吗？ re.findall("[a-zA-Z*,*\-.*.]"

Question

re.findall("[a-zA-Z*,*\-!*.]"

This regular expression checks for valid letters, ".", "-", "-", "!" in a word. I understood the first part

[a-zA-Z]

Can someone please explain this?

[*,*\-!*.]

Answer 1

You can use the online tool regex101 to understand your regex and test it, for example, here is the explanation for this regex:

Match a single character present in the list below [a-zA-Z*,*\-!*.]
a-z matches a single character in the range between a (index 97) and z (index 122) (case sensitive)
A-Z matches a single character in the range between A (index 65) and Z (index 90) (case sensitive)
*,* matches a single character in the list *, (case sensitive)
* matches the character * with index 4210 (2A16 or 528) literally (case sensitive)
, matches the character , with index 4410 (2C16 or 548) literally (case sensitive)
\- matches the character - with index 4510 (2D16 or 558) literally (case sensitive)
!*. matches a single character in the list !*. (case sensitive)
! matches the character ! with index 3310 (2116 or 418) literally (case sensitive)
* matches the character * with index 4210 (2A16 or 528) literally (case sensitive)
. matches the character . with index 4610 (2E16 or 568) literally (case sensitive)

Answer 2

That's a badly designed regex.

[*,*\-.*.] it's looking for one of the characters * , , , - , ! or . .

The * appears three times, which is unnecessary since the regex is going to be consumed after a single character appears.

Whoever wrote it was probably thinking in doing any letter, , , - , ! or . 0 or more times , so the correct regex would be [a-zA-Z,\-..]* .

Example:

example = 'foo,bar,baz!'
print(re.findall("[a-zA-Z*,*\-!*.]", example))
print(re.findall("[a-zA-Z,\-!*.]", example))  # same as before, but with only one *
print(re.findall("[a-zA-Z,\-!.]*", example))

outputs:

['f', 'o', 'o', ',', 'b', 'a', 'r', ',', 'b', 'a', 'z', '!']
['f', 'o', 'o', ',', 'b', 'a', 'r', ',', 'b', 'a', 'z', '!']
['foo,bar,baz!', '']

(the empty string is due to the * , which allows for no-occurrences to be recognized positively, and could be fixed by using + instead)