接口方法的签名包括一个class，它实现了接口本身

Question

Considering the rules of good OOP and design, is it correct to write a method in an interface which has as input types or output types classes which implements the interface?

I give you an example of a very simple exercise I must do, regarding complex numbers:

public interface IComplex
{
    double GetImaginary();

    double GetReal();
    
    ComplexImpl Conjugate();

    ComplexImpl Add(ComplexImpl y);

}

/*----------------------------------------------------*/


public class ComplexImpl : IComplex
    {
    private double real;

    private double imaginary;

    public ComplexImpl(double real, double imaginary) { this.real = real; this.imaginary = imaginary; }

    public double GetReal() { return this.real; }

    public double GetImaginary() { return this.imaginary; }

    public ComplexImpl Conjugate()
    {
        ComplexImpl conjugate = new ComplexImpl(this.real, -this.imaginary);
        return conjugate;
    }

    public ComplexImpl Add(ComplexImpl y)
    {
        ComplexImpl result = new ComplexImpl(this.real + y.real, this.imaginary + y.imaginary);
        return result;

    }

}

Considering the interface IComplex : is it correct to write the methods Conjugate and Add such that they have as input (and/or output) objects which are instantiations of the class ComplexImpl?

Consider that the class ComplexImpl implements the interface when this methods are defined.

EDIT :

For those of you who answer: first of all thank you, however I have the following problem. If I substitute "ComplexImpl" with "IComplex" both in the interface and in the class, I obtain this error in the method Add :

" 'IComplex' does not contain a definition for 'imaginary' and no accessible extension method 'imaginary' accepting a first argument of type 'IComplex' could be found ".

The only way to solve this is through the use of Generics?

Answer 1

I suggest you use the interface IComplex instead of ComplexImpl in the interface. This will still yield the desired results without relying on an implementation of the interface.

public interface IComplex
{
    double GetImaginary();

    double GetReal();
    
    IComplex Conjugate();

    IComplex Add(IComplex y);

}

This will be your concrete type implementation:

        public class ComplexImpl : IComplex
        {
            private double real;

            private double imaginary;

            public ComplexImpl(double real, double imaginary) { this.real = real; this.imaginary = imaginary; }

            public double GetReal() { return this.real; }

            public double GetImaginary() { return this.imaginary; }

            public IComplex Conjugate()
            {
                ComplexImpl conjugate = new ComplexImpl(this.real, -this.imaginary);
                return conjugate;
            }

            public IComplex Add(IComplex y)
            {
                ComplexImpl result = new ComplexImpl(this.real + y.GetReal(), this.imaginary + y.GetImaginary());
                return result;

            }

        }

Note that you cannot access private members when referring to an interface. All interface definitions are public . Therefore you cannot use y.imaginary for example but since the interface defines an accessor for this private field GetImaginary() , you can use that.

Answer 2

This thing is breaking the reason to use interfaces: To abstract implemntations. An easy and bearable fix to this would be:

public interface IComplex
{
   double GetImaginary();

   double GetReal();

   IComplex Conjugate();

   IComplex Add(IComplex y);

}

This way an implmentation is returned, but the interface stays clean and has no knowledge about an implementation.

Answer 3

You can make the interface or methods generic, constrained over your interface.

Choice 1

public interface IComplex<TComplex>
    where TComplex : IComplex
{
    double GetImaginary();

    double GetReal();
    
    TComplex Conjugate();

    TComplex Add(TComplex y);
}

Choice 2

public interface IComplex
{
    double GetImaginary();

    double GetReal();
    
    TComplex Conjugate<TComplex>() where TComplex : IComplex;

    TComplext Add<TComplex>(TComplex y) where TComplex : IComplex;
}

Answer 4

I think a better design would be to use IComplex in the method signatures in the interface:

public interface IComplex
{   
    double GetImaginary();

    double GetReal();


    // Changed:
    
    IComplex Conjugate();

    IComplex Add(IComplex y);
}

and call .GetReal() and .GetImaginary() (rather than getting the real and imaginary values directly) inside both Conjuate() and Add() :

public class ComplexImpl : IComplex
{
    private double real;

    private double imaginary;

    public ComplexImpl(double real, double imaginary)
    {
        this.real = real;
        this.imaginary = imaginary;
    }

    public double GetReal() { return this.real; }

    public double GetImaginary() { return this.imaginary; }


    // Changed:

    public IComplex Conjugate()
    {
        ComplexImpl conjugate = new ComplexImpl(this.GetReal(), -this.GetImaginary());

        return conjugate;
    }

    public IComplex Add(IComplex y)
    {
        ComplexImpl result = new ComplexImpl(
            this.GetReal() + y.GetReal(), this.GetImaginary() + y.GetImaginary());

        return result;
    }
}