如何在 cloud-init 配置期间为非 root 用户运行 shell 命令？

Question

During installation of a cloud VM with cloud-init eg when installing Rust toolchain

#cloud-config
package_upgrade: true
packages:
- apt-transport-https
- build-essential
- cmake
runcmd:
- export RUSTUP_HOME=/opt/rust
- export CARGO_HOME=/opt/rust
- curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | bash -s -- -y --no-modify-path --default-toolchain stable --profile default

I also want to execute the toolchain configuration rustup default stable in user space so that it is ready to use when user first signs in.

Answer 1

One key element is to determine the (target/adminsitration) user, that is currently installed on the VM with export USER=$(awk -v uid=1000 -F":" '{ if($3==uid){print $1} }' /etc/passwd) , so that environment variable $USER holds the username during the cloud-init configuration process. Then to use sudo -H -u $USER to run a shell in target user's context. Also import is to enhance the user's environment to include the installed toolchain - permanently with extending .profile or alike as well as temporarily while executing this shell operation.

#cloud-config
package_upgrade: true
packages:
- apt-transport-https
- build-essential
- cmake
runcmd:
- export USER=$(awk -v uid=1000 -F":" '{ if($3==uid){print $1} }' /etc/passwd)
- export RUSTUP_HOME=/opt/rust
- export CARGO_HOME=/opt/rust
- curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | bash -s -- -y --no-modify-path --default-toolchain stable --profile default
- echo '\n\n# added by cloud init\nsource /opt/rust/env' >> /home/$USER/.profile
- sudo -H -u $USER bash -c 'source /opt/rust/env && rustup default stable'

check out complete post with background information