具有惰性属性的 python 装饰器

Question

def lazyproperty(func):
    name = '_lazy_' + func.__name__
    @property
    def lazy(self):
        print(self)
        if hasattr(self, name):
            return getattr(self, name)
        else:
            value = func(self)
            setattr(self, name, value)
            return value
    return lazy
        
import math

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    @lazyproperty
    def area(self):
        print('Computing area')
        return math.pi * self.radius ** 2

I am new to python property and decorators. When reading some examples like above, I have difficulty understanding how it works. For example, I do not quite get how the "self" inside the lazy definition is the Circle object.Could any one elaborate this example? Thanks!

Answer 1

There is nothing special about the name self ; it's just the conventional name given to the first parameter of a function intended to be used as a method. In this case, that function is defined inside lazyproperty instead of directly in the class Circle.

It might help to see the same code written without decorator syntax.

def lazyproperty(func):
    name = '_lazy_' + func.__name__

    # The "method" to be turned into a property
    def lazy(self):
        print(self)
        if hasattr(self, name):
            return getattr(self, name)
        else:
            value = func(self)
            setattr(self, name, value)
            return value

    # Return the property
    return property(lazy)
        
import math

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    # The method to be wrapped by lazyproperty
    def area(self):
        print('Computing area')
        return math.pi * self.radius ** 2

    # The actual wrapping to make area a (lazy) property
    area = lazyproperty(area)