PyInstaller 可以将共享的 object 文件打包成可执行文件吗？

Question

I've written a Python app which uses the tkinter module (among others) on Linux.

Python(3.10) with tkinter support was compiled by myself in a custom location (~/local), as well as the non-python dependencies like tk/tcl, libfreetype2, libpng, etc.

I've then packaged the script with PyInstaller using the --one-file option. The resulting executable works if I execute it myself.

But copying it to another location and executing it as a different user leads to an ImportError: /home/*****/local/lib/libtcl8.6.so: cannot open shared object file: Permission denied , because of course that folder is not readable by that user.

I've tried bundling the.so file with both the --add-data and --add-binary option of PyInstaller, but none of it works. Even if I copy the files manually, it's still looking in the custom path.

Is there a way to specify to PyInstaller to package the needed shared object files into the executable or at least change any absolute path into a relative one, so I can bundle the files manually?

Answer 1

You should have a.spec file created first time you have created an executable, Explicitly add all the files which need to be shipped with executable in the spec file data.

https://pyinstaller.org/en/stable/spec-files.html

For example, add datafiles and add it to datas in spec file:

data_files = [(os.path.join(some_path,some_file), '.'), ]

block_cipher = None
a = Analysis(['minimal.py'],
         pathex=['/Developer/PItests/minimal'],
         binaries=None,
         datas=data_files,
         hiddenimports=[],
         hookspath=None,
         runtime_hooks=None,
         excludes=None,
         cipher=block_cipher)
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
         cipher=block_cipher)
exe = EXE(pyz,... )
coll = COLLECT(...)

Now to generate pyinstaller executable use this spec file.

pyinstaller somename.spec

Do note that in your script dont directly load the files shipped in executable using explict paths instead load in this way, since pyinstaller during runtime in other environments dont pick the embedded files through explict paths but store in its file system so this take care of it:

folder_path = getattr(sys, '_MEIPASS', some_path)
file_path = os.path.join(folder_path,some_file)