正则表达式捕获可选组

Question

I'm trying capture 2 groups of numbers, where each group is optional and should only be captured if contains numbers. Here is a list of all valid combinations that it supposed to match:

1. 123(456)
2. 123
3. (456)
4. abc(456)
5. 123(efg)

And these are not valid combinations and should not be matched:

6. abc(efg)
7. abc
8. (efg)

However, my regex fails on #4 and #5 combinations even though they contain numbers.

 const list = ["123(456)", "123", "(456)", "abc(456)", "123(def)", "abc(def)", "abc", "(def)"]; const regex = /^(?:(\d+))?(?:\((\d+)\))?$/; list.map((a,i) => console.log(i+1+". ", a + "=>".padStart(11-a.length," "), JSON.stringify((a.match(regex)||[]).slice(1))));

 .as-console-wrapper{top:0;max-height:unset;important:overflow;auto!important;}

So, the question is why when used ? behind a group, it doesn't "skip" that group if nothing matched?

PS With this regex it also captures #4 , but not #5 : /(?:^|(\d+)?)(?:\((\d+)\))?$/

Answer 1

A solution to what you're looking for can be done with lookahead, see:

(?=^\d+(?:\(|$))(\d+)|(?=\d+\)$)(\d+)

Rough translation: a number from the start ending with a bracket (or end of line) OR a number in brackets somewhere in the text

To answer question on optional captured groups

Yes, if a group is marked optional eg (A*)? it does make the whole group optional. In your case, it is simply a case of the regex not matching - even if the optional part isn't there (verify with the help of a regex debugger)

Answer 2

@WiktorStribiżew and @akash had good ideas, but they are based on global flag, which requires additional loop to gather all the matches.

For now, I come up with this regex, which matches anything, but it captures only what I need.

 const list = ["123(456)", "123", "(456)", "abc(456)", "123(def)", "abc(def)", "abc", "(def)"]; const regex = /(?:(\d+)|^|[^(]+)+?(?:\((?:(\d+)|\D*)\)|$)+?/; list.map((a,i) => console.log(i+1+". ", a + "=>".padStart(11-a.length," "), JSON.stringify((a.match(regex)||[]).slice(1))));

 .as-console-wrapper{top:0;max-height:unset;important:overflow;auto!important;}

Answer 3

Here an idea without global flag and supposed to only match the needed items:

^(?=\D*\d)(\d+)?\D*(?:\((\d*)\))?\D*$

• ^(?=\D*\d) The lookahead at ^ start checks for at least a digit
• (\d+)? capturing the digits to the optional first group
• \D* followed by any amount of non digits
• (?:\((\d*)\))? digits in parentheses to optional second group
• \D*$ matching any amount of \D non digits up to the $ end

See your JS demo or a demo at regex101 (the [^\d\n] only for multiline demo)