在 SQL*Plus 报告中格式化输出（假脱机到 CSV 之后）

Question

I have a question about formatting the output in a report that I get from csv that was spooled from SQL*Plus. I have Initial table whose data looks like this:

ord_no	ls_prod_division	ls_prod_area	ls_prod_family_name	ls_prod_family_code	ls_prod_generic_name	ls_brand_name	ls_reference_prod	ls_description	ls_atc_code	ls_atc_desc	ls_indication	ls_ind_meddra_lvl	ls_ind_meddra_ver	ls_ind_meddra_code	ls_cindication	ls_psur_int_birthday	ls_dsur_int_birth_date	ls_eu_birth_date	ls_psur_reference_date	ls_psur_type	ls_psur_sub_freq_value	ls_psur_sub_freq_unit	ls_date_psur_start	ls_date_psur_end	ls_psur_subm_due_date
1		Medicinal Product	Aceclofenac		Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac 1.5% w/w cream			M01AB16	aceclofenac	Analgesic & Anti-inflammatory
1		Medicinal Product	Aceclofenac		Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac 100 mg tablets			M01AB16	aceclofenac	NSAIDS
1		Medicinal Product	Aceclofenac		Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac 100 mg tablets			M01AB16	aceclofenac	Anti-inflammatory
1		Medicinal Product	Aceclofenac		Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac 100 mg tablets			M01	ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS	Antiinflammatory

And I am trying to format the report output of that table so I get it like this:

ord_no	ls_prod_division	ls_prod_area	ls_prod_family_name	ls_prod_family_code	ls_prod_generic_name	ls_brand_name	ls_reference_prod	ls_description	ls_atc_code	ls_atc_desc	ls_indication	ls_ind_meddra_lvl	ls_ind_meddra_ver	ls_ind_meddra_code	ls_cindication	ls_psur_int_birthday	ls_dsur_int_birth_date	ls_eu_birth_date	ls_psur_reference_date	ls_psur_type	ls_psur_sub_freq_value	ls_psur_sub_freq_unit	ls_date_psur_start	ls_date_psur_end	ls_psur_subm_due_date
1		Medicinal Product	Aceclofenac		Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac 1.5% w/w cream			M01AB16	aceclofenac	Analgesic & Anti-inflammatory
1						Aceclofenac 100 mg tablets			M01	ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS	NSAIDS
1											Anti-inflammatory
1											Antiinflammatory

I am using the following code:

set colsep '|'
set trimspool on
set termout off
set echo off
set trim on
set heading on
set feedback off
set linesize 32000
set trimout on
set pagesize 50000
set underline off
col ord_no format 99999
col ls_prod_area format a200
col ls_prod_family_name format a200
col ls_prod_family_code format a200
col ls_prod_generic_name format a200
col ls_brand_name format a200
col ls_reference_prod format a200
col ls_description format a200
col ls_atc_code format a200
col ls_atc_desc format a200
col ls_indication format a200
col ls_ind_meddra_lvl format a200
col ls_ind_meddra_ver format a200
col ls_ind_meddra_code format a200
spool export.csv
break on ls_prod_area on ls_prod_family_name on ls_prod_generic_name on ls_atc_code on ls_atc_desc on ls_brand_name on ls_indication

SELECT rpad(ord_no, 200, ' ') ord_no ,rpad(ls_prod_area, 200, ' ') ls_prod_area ,rpad(ls_prod_family_name, 200, ' ') ls_prod_family_name ,rpad(ls_prod_family_code, 200, ' ') ls_prod_family_code ,rpad(ls_prod_generic_name, 200, ' ') ls_prod_generic_name ,rpad(ls_brand_name, 200, ' ') ls_brand_name ,rpad(ls_reference_prod, 200, ' ') ls_reference_prod,rpad(ls_description, 200, ' ') ls_description ,rpad(ls_atc_code, 200, ' ') ls_atc_code ,rpad(ls_atc_desc, 200, ' ') ls_atc_desc ,rpad(ls_indication, 200, ' ') ls_indication ,rpad(ls_ind_meddra_lvl, 200, ' ') ls_ind_meddra_lvl ,rpad(ls_ind_meddra_ver, 200, ' ') ls_ind_meddra_ver ,rpad(ls_ind_meddra_code, 200, ' ') ls_ind_meddra_code 
from tmp_product_family
order by ord_no, ls_brand_name,LS_ATC_CODE, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ;

And I don't have a problem with output in CMD window, but with transforming the CSV to Excel via Excel's Data From Text/CSV tool. I am putting custom delimiter which is set to '|'.

And for the first ord_no (1) first and second row that were transformed from CSV to Excel looks like this:

ORD_NO	LS_PROD_AREA	LS_PROD_FAMILY_NAME	LS_PROD_FAMILY_CODE	LS_PROD_GENERIC_NAME	LS_BRAND_NAME	LS_REFERENCE_PROD	LS_DESCRIPTION	LS_ATC_CODE	LS_ATC_DESC	LS_INDICATION	LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL	LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER	LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE
1	Medicinal Product	Aceclofenac		Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac 1.5% w/w cream			M01AB16	aceclofenac	Analgesic & Anti-inflammatory
1		Aceclofenac 100 mg tablets			M01	ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS	Antiinflammatory

As you can see in second row all the values after the ord_no are shifted three columns to the left (eg Aceclofenac 100 mg tablets should be in LS_BRAND_NAME column).

Does anyone have any idea how to escape that problem.

Answer 1

As you asked about break , this is what I meant.

An ordinary query, where all "cells" are populated with data:

SQL> select d.dname, e.job, e.ename, e.sal
  2  from emp e join dept d on d.deptno = e.deptno
  3  order by d.dname, e.job;

DNAME          JOB       ENAME             SAL
-------------- --------- ---------- ----------
ACCOUNTING     CLERK     MILLER           1300
ACCOUNTING     MANAGER   CLARK            2450
ACCOUNTING     PRESIDENT KING             5000
RESEARCH       ANALYST   SCOTT            3000
RESEARCH       ANALYST   FORD             3000
RESEARCH       CLERK     ADAMS            1100
RESEARCH       CLERK     SMITH             840
RESEARCH       MANAGER   JONES            2975
SALES          CLERK     JAMES             950
SALES          MANAGER   BLAKE            2850
SALES          SALESMAN  MARTIN           1250
SALES          SALESMAN  WARD             1250
SALES          SALESMAN  ALLEN            1600
SALES          SALESMAN  TURNER           1500

14 rows selected.

If you put a break on eg department name and job, you get something that looks like result you need:

SQL> spool stefek.csv
SQL> break on dname on job
SQL> select d.dname, e.job, e.ename, e.sal
  2  from emp e join dept d on d.deptno = e.deptno
  3  order by d.dname, e.job;

DNAME          JOB       ENAME             SAL
-------------- --------- ---------- ----------
ACCOUNTING     CLERK     MILLER           1300
               MANAGER   CLARK            2450
               PRESIDENT KING             5000
RESEARCH       ANALYST   SCOTT            3000
                         FORD             3000
               CLERK     ADAMS            1100
                         SMITH             840
               MANAGER   JONES            2975
SALES          CLERK     JAMES             950
               MANAGER   BLAKE            2850
               SALESMAN  MARTIN           1250
                         WARD             1250
                         ALLEN            1600
                         TURNER           1500

14 rows selected.

SQL> spool off
SQL>

If you open that file in Excel, you get this:

1. in ver. 2016, go to "Data - From text" and follow the wizard
2. choose "Fixed width"
3. move separator lines where necessary
4. see the result

---

Connecting to SQL*Plus

You should know username, password and database you're connecting to. For example, I'm scanning my TNSNAMES.ORA file with the mctnsping utility (written by Michel Cadot; it doesn't require Oracle client to work. You can find it on OraFAQ Forum ). Or, if you have TNSPING available, use it:

C:\Temp>mctnsping orcl

McTnsping Utility by Michel Cadot: Version 2021.12.03 on 20-PRO-2022 14:09:02

Copyright (c) Michel Cadot, 2016-2021. All rights reserved.

Using ping version 11

Used parameter files:
C:\Users\littlefoot\Documents\sqlnet.ora
C:\Users\littlefoot\Documents\tnsnames.ora

Found tnsnames.ora entry:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=db_orcl)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=orcl)))

Attempting to contact db_orcl:1521
OK (46 msec)

Now, use data you gathered; connect string is in format of @database_server:port/service_name :

C:\Temp>sqlplus scott/tiger@db_orcl:1521/orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Uto Pro 20 14:09:17 2022
Version 18.5.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
   
SQL> select * from dual;

D
-
X

SQL>

Answer 2

If you have the minimal sample data:

CREATE TABLE table_name (a, b, c, d ) AS
  SELECT 'A1', 'B1', 'C1', 'D1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 'A2', 'B1', 'C2', 'D1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 'A3', 'B2', 'C2', 'D1' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
  SELECT 'A4', 'B3', 'C2', 'D1' FROM DUAL;

and you want to shuffle the data up the rows so that duplicates are not displayed then you can rank the values in each column, unpivot and then re-pivot the data:

SELECT a, b, c, d
FROM   (
  SELECT a, b, c, d,
         DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY a) AS a_rnk,
         DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY b) AS b_rnk,
         DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY c) AS c_rnk,
         DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY d) AS d_rnk
  FROM   table_name
)
UNPIVOT (
  (value, rnk) FOR key IN (
    (a, a_rnk) AS 'A',
    (b, b_rnk) AS 'B',
    (c, c_rnk) AS 'C',
    (d, d_rnk) AS 'D'
  )
)
PIVOT (
  MAX(value) FOR key IN ('A' AS a, 'B' AS b, 'C' AS c, 'D' AS d)
)
ORDER BY rnk

Which outputs:

A	B	C	D
A1	B1	C1	D1
A2	B2	C2	null
A3	B3	null	null
A4	null	null	null

fiddle

Answer 3

I actually managed to do it by changing the delimiter from '|'to Fixed width of 0, 800, 1000, 1200 etc. That worked fine now so thank you all for your effort. I need a little bit more tuning with the break on command but I think this solved all my future reporting problems. Huge thanks to @Littlefoot, kudos for making my life easier.

Solved import from Text/CSV

Additionally to using SQL*Plus and break on command, I managed to the same thing in SQL Developer with LAG function and some partition by clause, and then comparing column values to previous rows.

Something like this:

SELECT ord_no,case when ls_prod_area=prev_ls_prod_area then null else ls_prod_area end,case when ls_prod_family_name=prev_ls_prod_family_name then null else ls_prod_family_name end,ls_prod_family_code,case when ls_prod_generic_name=prev_ls_prod_generic_name then null else ls_prod_generic_name end,case when ls_brand_name=prev_ls_brand_name then null else ls_brand_name end,ls_reference_prod,ls_description,case when ls_atc_code=prev_ls_atc_code then null else ls_atc_code end,case when ls_atc_desc=prev_ls_atc_desc then null else ls_atc_desc end,case when ls_indication=prev_ls_indication then null else ls_indication end,case when ls_ind_meddra_lvl=prev_ls_ind_meddra_lvl then null else ls_ind_meddra_lvl end,case when ls_ind_meddra_ver=prev_ls_ind_meddra_ver then null else ls_ind_meddra_ver end,case when ls_ind_meddra_code=prev_ls_ind_meddra_code then null else ls_ind_meddra_code end
  FROM (
SELECT ord_no,ls_prod_area,ls_prod_family_name,ls_prod_family_code,ls_prod_generic_name,ls_brand_name,ls_reference_prod,ls_description,ls_atc_code,ls_atc_desc,ls_indication,ls_ind_meddra_lvl,ls_ind_meddra_ver,ls_ind_meddra_code,
       LAG( ls_prod_area, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE) AS prev_ls_prod_area,
       LAG( ls_prod_family_name, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_prod_family_name,
       LAG( ls_prod_generic_name, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_prod_generic_name,
        LAG( ls_brand_name, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_brand_name,
        LAG( ls_atc_code, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_atc_code,
        LAG( ls_atc_desc, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_atc_desc,
        LAG( ls_indication, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_indication,
        LAG( ls_ind_meddra_lvl, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_ind_meddra_lvl,
        LAG( ls_ind_meddra_ver, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_ind_meddra_ver,
        LAG( ls_ind_meddra_code, 1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY ord_no ORDER BY ord_no, ls_brand_name, LS_ATC_CODE desc, LS_ATC_DESC, LS_INDICATION, LS_IND_MEDDRA_LVL nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_VER nulls last, LS_IND_MEDDRA_CODE ) AS prev_ls_ind_meddra_code
        FROM tmp_product_family);