如何更新Pygame中显示的文字？

Question

I have a couple of text rects succesfully displayed. However the message that is to be written is assigned to the variable msg . If I set my script to change the value of msg after a couple of seconds it is changed but it does not change what my message change. I have a pygame.display.update() but it still doesnt work.

HORL.py

import pygame, sys, time, random, math
from functions import horl, number, starting, msg
from pygame.locals import QUIT
pygame.init()

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
screenWidth = 800
screenHeight = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screenWidth , screenHeight))
pygame.display.set_caption('Higher or Lower')
pygame.display.set_icon(pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/icon.ico'))

# fonts
pixel_serif = pygame.font.Font('fonts/pixelserif.ttf', 32)

# name
name = pixel_serif.render('Higher or Lower', True, 0)
namerect = name.get_rect()
namerect.center = (400, 75)

# backgrounds
eight_to_six = pygame.image.load('sprites/background/800x600.png')

# buttons 
higher = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/highButton.png')
lower = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/lowButton.png')

# text
message = pixel_serif.render(msg, True, 0)
msgrect = message.get_rect()
msgrect.center = (400, 300)
num = pixel_serif.render(str(starting), True, 0)
numrect = num.get_rect()
numrect.center = (400, 350)

hpressed = False
lpressed = False
running = True
while running:
    clock.tick(60)
    mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if event.button == 1 and hButton.collidepoint(mouse_pos) and hpressed == False:
                hpressed = True
                higher = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/highPressed.png')
                horl('H')
            elif event.button == 1 and lButton.collidepoint(mouse_pos) and lpressed == False:
                lpressed = True
                lower = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/lowPressed.png')
                horl('L')
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
            time.sleep(1)
            higher = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/highButton.png')
            lower = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/lowButton.png')
            hpressed = False
            lpressed = False

    screen.blit((eight_to_six), (0, 0))
    screen.blit(name, namerect)
    screen.blit(message, msgrect)
    screen.blit(num, numrect)

    hButton = screen.blit(higher,(200,400))
    lButton = screen.blit(lower,(500,400))

    pygame.display.update()

functions.py

import pygame, time, random
from random import randint, choice

class color:
    white = '255, 255, 255'
    black = '0, 0, 0'
    red = '255, 0, 0'
    green = '0, 255, 0'

wins = 0
loss = 0
rounds = 0

starting = randint(0,13)
number = choice([i for i in range(0,13) if i not in [starting]])
msg = 'The starting number is'

def correct(yn):
    if yn == 'y':
        starting = number
        print('msg y')
        msg = 'Correct! The number is',number

    elif yn == 'n':
        starting = number
        print('msg n')
        msg = 'Incorrect! The Number is',number

def horl(opt):
    global number
    global wins
    global loss
    global msg
    if opt == 'H':
        if number > int(starting):
            correct('y')
            wins = wins + 1
        elif number < int(starting):
            correct('n')
            loss = loss + 1
    elif opt == 'L':
        if number < int(starting):
            correct('y')
            wins = wins + 1
        elif number > int(starting):
            correct('n')
            loss = loss + 1
        else:
            print(color.error + '\nSYNTAX ERROR' + color.normal)```

Answer 1

If you change the msg variable, the Surface that is rendered from that text does not magically update. You have to render the text again. And you must return the new message text from the function:

def correct(yn):
    if yn == 'y':
        starting = number
        print('msg y')
        msg = f'Correct! The number is {number}'

    elif yn == 'n':
        starting = number
        print('msg n')
        msg = f'Incorrect! The Number is {number}'
    return msg

def horl(opt):
    global number
    global wins
    global loss
    global msg

    new_msg = ""
    if opt == 'H':
        if number > int(starting):
            new_msg = correct('y')
            wins = wins + 1
        elif number < int(starting):
            new_msg = correct('n')
            loss = loss + 1
    elif opt == 'L':
        if number < int(starting):
            new_msg = correct('y')
            wins = wins + 1
        elif number > int(starting):
            new_msg = correct('n')
            loss = loss + 1
        else:
            print(color.error + '\nSYNTAX ERROR' + color.normal)```

    return new_msg

while running:
    clock.tick(60)
    mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if event.button == 1 and hButton.collidepoint(mouse_pos) and hpressed == False:
                hpressed = True
                higher = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/highPressed.png')
                msg = horl('H')
                message = pixel_serif.render(msg, True, 0)  
            elif event.button == 1 and lButton.collidepoint(mouse_pos) and lpressed == False:
                lpressed = True
                lower = pygame.image.load('sprites/icons/lowPressed.png')
                msg = horl('L')
                message = pixel_serif.render(msg, True, 0)

        # [...]