使用“-ftrivial-auto-var-init”保证非静态聚合对象的填充字节初始化为零

Question

I'm following Does C++ standard guarantee the initialization of padding bytes to zero for non-static aggregate objects? and trying to force GCC and Clang to initialize padding with zero. The -ftrivial-auto-var-init=choice flag seems to do the trick, but I don't see any difference between using it or not

The original code is here (without using -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero ), and produces non-zeroed members:

GCC

Foo():
x:[----][0x42][0x43][0x44],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][0x4A][0x4B][0x4C],v: 0

Foo{}:
x:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][----][----][----],v: 0

Clang

Foo():
x:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][----][----][----],v: 0

Foo{}:
x:[----][0x42][0x43][0x44],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][0x4A][0x4B][0x4C],v: 0

I've added the -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero flag to both GCC 12 and Clang 15 . but the results are exactly the same, so I'm a bit confused as to what -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero should do.

GCC

Foo():
x:[----][0x42][0x43][0x44],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][0x4A][0x4B][0x4C],v: 0

Foo{}:
x:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][----][----][----],v: 0

Clang

Foo():
x:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][----][----][----],v: 0

Foo{}:
x:[----][0x42][0x43][0x44],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][0x4A][0x4B][0x4C],v: 0

Answer 1

Note that -ftrivial-auto-var-init only applies to automatic variables (like the name suggests):

Initialize automatic variables with either a pattern or with zeroes to increase the security and predictability of a program by preventing uninitialized memory disclosure and use.

Automatic variables are variables that have automatic storage duration , ie local block-scope variables only.

Note that if you're using new / delete then your objects will havedynamic storage duration and therefore -ftrivial-auto-var-init will not apply to them.

---

Example

This example demonstrates the effect of -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero :
godbolt

struct Foo
{
    char x;
    int y;
    char z;
};

int main()
{
    {
        char buf[sizeof(Foo)];
        for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(buf); ++i)
        {
            buf[i] = 'A' + i;
        }
        buf[sizeof(Foo)-1] = '\0';
        printf("%s\n", buf);
    }
    {
        Foo f;
        DumpF("Foo, automatic", &f);
    }
}

When compiled with -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero you're guaranteed to get:

Foo, automatic:
x:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
y:[----][----][----][----],v: 0
z:[----][----][----][----],v: 0

Whereas if you compile without it you'll most likely get random bytes from the stack (in this case gcc chose to reuse the space of buf ):

Foo, automatic:
x:[0x41][0x42][0x43][0x44],v: 65
y:[0x45][0x46][0x47][0x48],v: 1212630597
z:[0x49][0x4A][0x4B][----],v: 73