派生的 function 和 Solidity 中的新关键字调用方法有什么区别？

Question

I noticed there are two methods to call the contract's functions in Solidity as follow.

// Base contract
contract A {
    function X() public pure returns (string memory s) {
        s = 'Base contract function X';
    }
}
// Inherited contract
contract B is A {
    function Y() public pure returns (string memory s) {
        s = string.concat(X(), ' + Inherited contract function Y');
    }
}
// Contract with new key word
contract C {
    A contractA = new A();
    function Z() public view returns (string memory s2) {
        s = string.concat(contractA.X(), ' + Contract C function Z');
    }
}

I don't understand the difference between contract B and C, especially in what case should I use inheritance, or new key word to call a function?

Answer 1

In the inherited contract, contract B includes contract A and it doesn't deploy an external contract. It means it calls the X() function of itself. In the second case with the new keyword, it deploys the contract A and calls the X() function of the external contract A

Answer 2

What you shared in the post is a good example of the inheritance and composition . When to use each of this design decisions is a general engineering question and doesn't relate to solidity. Here is one of discussions of this topic.

new keyword is used to create a new instance of the class. Although I am not sure it is possible to instantiate contract in solidity in a such way. I did this by passing an address of the contract:

class Chain {
  Token _token;
  constructor(address _tokenAddress) {
    _token = Token(_tokenAddress);
  }
}