Spring 本机启动：没有有效的 native-image-svm 依赖项

Question

I've just upgraded several projects to Java 19, Spring Boot 3.0.2, Kotlin 1.8.0 with Maven and I'd like Spring Boot to generate native images.

<java.version>19</java.version>
<kotlin.version>1.8.0</kotlin.version>

The relevant part of the configuration of spring-boot-maven-plugin is:

        <configuration>
          <image>
            <env>
              <BP_JVM_VERSION>19.*</BP_JVM_VERSION>
              <BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>true</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>
              <BPE_APPEND_JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS>-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=64M</BPE_APPEND_JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS>
              <BPE_DELIM_JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS xml:space="preserve"> </BPE_DELIM_JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS>
            </env>
          </image>
        </configuration>

However, when I build one of the projects with

mvn -Pnative spring-boot:build-image

then the build fails with the following error message:

[INFO]     [creator]     Paketo Buildpack for BellSoft Liberica 9.10.2
[INFO]     [creator]       unable to find dependency
[INFO]     [creator]       no valid dependencies for native-image-svm, 19.*, and io.paketo.stacks.tiny in [(jdk, 8.0.362, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jre, 8.0.362, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jdk, 11.0.18, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jre, 11.0.18, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (native-image-svm, 11.0.17, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jdk, 17.0.6, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jre, 17.0.6, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (native-image-svm, 17.0.5, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jdk, 19.0.2, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *]) (jre, 19.0.2, [io.buildpacks.stacks.bionic io.paketo.stacks.tiny *])]
[INFO]     [creator]     ERROR: failed to build: exit status 1

What's missing?

Update: When I downgrade to Java 17 with Kotlin 1.7.21, then the build succeeds and apparently there's no support yet in the Liberica Native Image Kit for Java 19. https://bell-sw.com/pages/downloads/native-image-kit/#/nik-22-19

Answer 1

Let me provide you with alternatives to downgrading your Java version (in case you eg want to use virtual threads).

You might be successful using GraalVM instead of Liberica NIK. You can configure this in your pom.xml as described in the section Use an alternative native image toolkit of the Spring Boot Documentation:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <image>
            <buildpacks>
                <buildpack>gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/graalvm</buildpack>
                <buildpack>gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/java-native-image</buildpack>
            </buildpacks>
        </image>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Since The GraalVM Buildpack supports Java 19 , you should be able to use it:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <image>
            <buildpacks>
                <buildpack>gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/graalvm</buildpack>
                <buildpack>gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/java-native-image</buildpack>
            </buildpacks>
            <env>
                <BP_JVM_VERSION>19.0.1</BP_JVM_VERSION>
            </env>
        </image>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

As an alternative, it would be possible to not use buildpacks for creating the native image but instead create a native executable using mvn -Pnative package See Getting started with Native Build Tools .

Then, you could create your own docker image (eg using a Dockerfile or similar) and include that.

Answer 2

When I downgrade to Java 17 with Kotlin 1.7.21, then the build succeeds and apparently there's no support yet in the Liberica Native Image Kit for Java 19. https://bell-sw.com/pages/downloads/native-image-kit/#/nik-22-19 .

Furthermore, it's stated on the same page:

3. What Java versions are supported by NIK?

Two latest Java LTS versions, Java 11 and Java 17, are supported by Liberica NIK.