Python unittest 测试套件中的实用程序放在哪里？

Question

I am writing unit tests for a largish piece of software written in Python, and there are some tools I wrote to facilitate tests. I would like to continue using these utilities in another test file.

The obvious solution is to put these utilities in a separate file next to the tests and load it, eg

import .utilities as tu

but that fails, because

ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package

which is fair enough.

So my question is: what is the recommended place to put utilities that are solely used for testing?

Answer 1

Let's say your project's name is coolproj . Assuming that you have the usual structure

coolproj -> coolproj -> __init__.py
                     -> file1.py
                     -> file2.py
                     -> ...
         -> tests -> __init__.py # You need to make `tests` a package!
                  -> utilities.py
                  -> test_file1.py
                  -> test_file2.py
                  -> ...  

Then you can just import your utilities module in, say, test_file1.py via

from tests import utilities

and in the root directory coolproj (where you should be running your testsuite!) you can run all tests using the test discovery feature

python3 -m unittest

This should cover your question. By the way, in case your utilities module is not in tests but in coolproj , then the import should be

from coolproj import utilities

If for some reason you get the message 0 tests run , then you may want to check how exactly you are naming your tests classes and members. In particular, the test discovery feature expects your test modules to be named test_*.py , as exemplified above. Follow the examples in the documentation to name your tests appropriately.