是否可能有一个基类，其返回类型可以调整为基类的类型？

Question

Basically my setting is this:

public abstract class BaseObject{
    public abstract BaseObject Clone();
}

public class DerivedObject : BaseObject{
    public DerivedObject Clone()
    {
        //Clone logic
    }
}

The above code doesn't compile because it isn't possible to change the return type when overriding a method.

Is it possible to achieve that every derived type's Clone method returns an argument of it's own type (maybe through generics)?

Answer 1

Well, C# doesn't allow covariant return types as you've found... but you can use generics:

public abstract class BaseObject<T> where T : BaseObject<T>
{
    public abstract T Clone();
}

public class DerivedObject : BaseObject<DerivedObject>
{
    public override DerivedObject Clone()
    {
         // ...
    }
}

This solution can be a pain in various ways - not least because it's hard to understand - but it can work reasonably well in many situations.

EDIT: The reason I've included the constraint on T is so that BaseObject can call "its own" methods on instances of T , which is usually very handy. If you don't need this though, you can lose the constraint.

Answer 2

You can do something like this. Instead of returning default(T), return something based on the cloning logic.

public class MyBase<T>
{
    public T Clone()
    {
        return default(T);
    }
}

public class MyDerived : MyBase<MyDerived>
{
}

By the way, for object cloning I like to serialize the current object to memory using the binary serializer, then deserialize that memory back into a new instance.