如何确定SQL Server中表的主键？

Question

What I'd like to be able to do in SQL Server 2005 somehow is with a table name as input determine all the fields that make up the primary key. sp_columns doesn't seem to have this field. Any ideas as to where to look?

Answer 1

I use this in a code generator I wrote to get the primary key:

SELECT i.name AS IndexName, 
    OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID) AS TableName, 
    COL_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID,ic.column_id) AS ColumnName, 
    c.is_identity, c.user_type_id, CAST(c.max_length AS int) AS max_length, 
    CAST(c.precision AS int) AS precision, CAST(c.scale AS int) AS scale 
FROM sys.indexes AS i 
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic 
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id 
    ON i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = ic.index_id 
WHERE i.is_primary_key = 1 AND ic.OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('dbo.YourTableNameHere')
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID), ic.key_ordinal

Answer 2

Actually, the primary key is something else than the indexes on the table. Is also something else than the clustered index. Is a constraint , so the proper place to look for it is sys.key_constraints :

select ic.key_ordinal, cl.name, ic.is_descending_key
from sys.key_constraints c
join sys.indexes i on c.parent_object_id = i.object_id
    and c.unique_index_id = i.index_id
join sys.index_columns ic on ic.object_id = i.object_id
    and ic.index_id = i.index_id    
join sys.columns cl on cl.object_id = i.object_id
    and ic.column_id = cl.column_id 
where c.type = 'PK'
    and 0 = ic.is_included_column
    and i.object_id = object_id('<tablename>')
order by ic.key_ordinal

Answer 3

-- ANSI SQL compatible and works from SQL70 onwards:

select kcu.TABLE_SCHEMA, kcu.TABLE_NAME, kcu.CONSTRAINT_NAME, tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, kcu.COLUMN_NAME, kcu.ORDINAL_POSITION
  from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS as tc
  join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE as kcu
    on kcu.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
   and kcu.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
   and kcu.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.TABLE_SCHEMA
   and kcu.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME
 where tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE in ( 'PRIMARY KEY', 'UNIQUE' )
 order by kcu.TABLE_SCHEMA, kcu.TABLE_NAME, tc.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, kcu.CONSTRAINT_NAME, kcu.ORDINAL_POSITION;

-- SQL Server 2005 specific:

select s.name as TABLE_SCHEMA, t.name as TABLE_NAME
     , k.name as CONSTRAINT_NAME, k.type_desc as CONSTRAINT_TYPE
     , c.name as COLUMN_NAME, ic.key_ordinal AS ORDINAL_POSITION
  from sys.key_constraints as k
  join sys.tables as t
    on t.object_id = k.parent_object_id
  join sys.schemas as s
    on s.schema_id = t.schema_id
  join sys.index_columns as ic
    on ic.object_id = t.object_id
   and ic.index_id = k.unique_index_id
  join sys.columns as c
    on c.object_id = t.object_id
   and c.column_id = ic.column_id
 order by TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, CONSTRAINT_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION;

Answer 4

Try This:

SELECT * 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE table_name = 'your_table_name'
  AND constraint_name LIKE 'PK%'

Answer 5

select *
from information_schema.Table_Constraints
where Table_Name = @tableName

See this MSDN Listing for Table Constraints .

Answer 6

I normally find that...

sp_help <table>

gives me all I need to know about a table (including index information).

Answer 7

在SQL2005中，这将返回一个命名主键的行，然后在“index_keys”下给出列的列表

sp_help myTable

Answer 8

I ended up using this...

select  cu.constraint_catalog, 
        cu.constraint_schema, 
        cu.table_name, 
        cu.constraint_name, 
        constraint_type, 
        column_name, 
        ordinal_position

from    information_schema.key_column_usage cu 

        join information_schema.table_constraints as tc
            on tc.constraint_catalog = cu.constraint_catalog and 
                tc.constraint_schema = cu.constraint_schema and 
                tc.constraint_name   = cu.constraint_name and 
                tc.table_name        = cu.table_name

where   cu.table_name = 'table_name_goes_here'

order by constraint_name, ordinal_position