在Android平台中推送通知

Question

I am looking to write an app that receives pushed alerts from a server. I found a couple of methods to do this.

1. SMS - Intercept the incoming SMS and initiate a pull from the server
2. Poll the server periodically

Each has its own limitations. SMS- no guarantee on arrival time. Poll may drain the battery.

Do you have a better suggestion please? Thanks very much.

Answer 1

Google's official answer is the Android Cloud to Device Messaging Framework (deprecated) Google Cloud Messaging (deprecated) Firebase Cloud Messaging

It will work on Android >= 2.2 (on phones that have the Play Store).

Answer 2

( cross-posting from an answer I gave to a similar question - Does Android support near real time push notification? )

I recently started playing with MQTT http://mqtt.org for Android as a way of doing this sort of thing (ie push notification that is not SMS but data driven, almost immediate message delivery, not polling, etc.)

I have a blog post with background information on this in case it's helpful

http://dalelane.co.uk/blog/?p=938

(Note: MQTT is an IBM technology, and I should point out that I work for IBM.)

Answer 3

Android Cloud to Device Messaging Framework

Important: C2DM has been officially deprecated as of June 26, 2012. This means that C2DM has stopped accepting new users and quota requests. No new features will be added to C2DM. However, apps using C2DM will continue to work. Existing C2DM developers are encouraged to migrate to the new version of C2DM, called Google Cloud Messaging for Android (GCM). See the C2DM-to-GCM Migration document for more information. Developers must use GCM for new development.

Kindly check the following link:

http://developer.android.com/guide/google/gcm/index.html

Answer 4

Here I have written few steps for How to Get RegID and Notification starting from scratch

1. Create/Register App on Google Cloud
2. Setup Cloud SDK with Development
3. Configure project for GCM
4. Get Device Registration ID
5. Send Push Notifications
6. Receive Push Notifications

You can find complete tutorial in below URL link

Getting Started with Android Push Notification : Latest Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) - step by step complete tutorial

Code snip to get Registration ID (Device Token for Push Notification).

Configure project for GCM

---

Update AndroidManifest file

For enable GCM in our project we need to add few permission in our manifest file Go to AndroidManifest.xml and add below code Add Permission

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET”/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />

<uses-permission android:name=“.permission.RECEIVE" />
<uses-permission android:name=“<your_package_name_here>.permission.C2D_MESSAGE" />
<permission android:name=“<your_package_name_here>.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
        android:protectionLevel="signature" />

Add GCM Broadcast Receiver declaration

add GCM Broadcast Receiver declaration in your application tag

<application
        <receiver
            android:name=".GcmBroadcastReceiver"
            android:permission="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.SEND" ]]>
            <intent-filter]]>
                <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE" />
                <category android:name="" />
            </intent-filter]]>

        </receiver]]>

<application/>

Add GCM Servie declaration

<application
     <service android:name=".GcmIntentService" />
<application/>

---

Get Registration ID (Device Token for Push Notification)

Now Go to your Launch/Splash Activity

Add Constants and Class Variables

private final static int PLAY_SERVICES_RESOLUTION_REQUEST = 9000;
public static final String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "message";
public static final String PROPERTY_REG_ID = "registration_id";
private static final String PROPERTY_APP_VERSION = "appVersion";
private final static String TAG = "LaunchActivity";
protected String SENDER_ID = "Your_sender_id";
private GoogleCloudMessaging gcm =null;
private String regid = null;
private Context context= null;

Update OnCreate and OnResume methods

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     setContentView(R.layout.activity_launch);
     context = getApplicationContext();
         if (checkPlayServices()) 
     {
            gcm = GoogleCloudMessaging.getInstance(this);
            regid = getRegistrationId(context);

            if (regid.isEmpty())
            {
                registerInBackground();
            }
            else
            {
            Log.d(TAG, "No valid Google Play Services APK found.");
            }
      }
 }

@Override protected void onResume()
{
       super.onResume();       checkPlayServices();
}


# Implement GCM Required methods (Add below methods in LaunchActivity)

private boolean checkPlayServices() {
        int resultCode = GooglePlayServicesUtil.isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(this);
        if (resultCode != ConnectionResult.SUCCESS) {
            if (GooglePlayServicesUtil.isUserRecoverableError(resultCode)) {
                GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog(resultCode, this,
                        PLAY_SERVICES_RESOLUTION_REQUEST).show();
            } else {
                Log.d(TAG, "This device is not supported - Google Play Services.");
                finish();
            }
            return false;
        }
        return true;
 }

private String getRegistrationId(Context context) 
{
   final SharedPreferences prefs = getGCMPreferences(context);
   String registrationId = prefs.getString(PROPERTY_REG_ID, "");
   if (registrationId.isEmpty()) {
       Log.d(TAG, "Registration ID not found.");
       return "";
   }
   int registeredVersion = prefs.getInt(PROPERTY_APP_VERSION, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
   int currentVersion = getAppVersion(context);
   if (registeredVersion != currentVersion) {
        Log.d(TAG, "App version changed.");
        return "";
    }
    return registrationId;
}

private SharedPreferences getGCMPreferences(Context context) 
{
    return getSharedPreferences(LaunchActivity.class.getSimpleName(),
                Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
}

private static int getAppVersion(Context context) 
{
     try 
     {
         PackageInfo packageInfo = context.getPackageManager()
                    .getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0);
            return packageInfo.versionCode;
      } 
      catch (NameNotFoundException e) 
      {
            throw new RuntimeException("Could not get package name: " + e);
      }
}


private void registerInBackground() 
{     new AsyncTask() {
     Override
     protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) 
     {
          String msg = "";
          try 
          {
               if (gcm == null) 
               {
                        gcm = GoogleCloudMessaging.getInstance(context);
               }
               regid = gcm.register(SENDER_ID);               Log.d(TAG, "########################################");
               Log.d(TAG, "Current Device's Registration ID is: "+msg);     
          } 
          catch (IOException ex) 
          {
              msg = "Error :" + ex.getMessage();
          }
          return null;
     }     protected void onPostExecute(Object result) 
     { //to do here };
  }.execute(null, null, null);
}

---

Note : please store REGISTRATION_KEY, it is important for sending PN Message to GCM also keep in mine this will be unique for all device, by using this only GCM will send Push Notification.

Receive Push Notifications

Add GCM Broadcast Receiver Class

As we have already declared “GcmBroadcastReceiver.java” in our Manifest file, So lets create this class update receiver class code this way

public class GcmBroadcastReceiver extends WakefulBroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) 
    {        ComponentName comp = new ComponentName(context.getPackageName(),
                GcmIntentService.class.getName());        startWakefulService(context, (intent.setComponent(comp)));
        setResultCode(Activity.RESULT_OK);
        Toast.makeText(context, “wow!! received new push notification", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

Add GCM Service Class

As we have already declared “GcmBroadcastReceiver.java” in our Manifest file, So lets create this class update receiver class code this way

public class GcmIntentService extends IntentService
{     public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1;     private NotificationManager mNotificationManager;     private final static String TAG = "GcmIntentService";     public GcmIntentService() {
     super("GcmIntentService");     
     }     @Override
     protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
          Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
          Log.d(TAG, "Notification Data Json :" + extras.getString("message"));

          GoogleCloudMessaging gcm = GoogleCloudMessaging.getInstance(this);
          String messageType = gcm.getMessageType(intent);          if (!extras.isEmpty()) {          if (GoogleCloudMessaging.MESSAGE_TYPE_SEND_ERROR
               .equals(messageType)) {
               sendNotification("Send error: " + extras.toString());
          } else if (GoogleCloudMessaging.MESSAGE_TYPE_DELETED
          .equals(messageType)) {
          sendNotification("Deleted messages on server: "
          + extras.toString());          // If it's a regular GCM message, do some work.
          } else if (GoogleCloudMessaging.MESSAGE_TYPE_MESSAGE
          .equals(messageType)) {
          // This loop represents the service doing some work.
          for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
               Log.d(TAG," Working... " + (i + 1) + "/5 @ "
               + SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());               try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
               } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               }
             }
             Log.i(TAG, "Completed work @ " + SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
             sendNotification(extras.getString("message"));
           }
        }        // Release the wake lock provided by the WakefulBroadcastReceiver.
        GcmBroadcastReceiver.completeWakefulIntent(intent);
     }     // Put the message into a notification and post it.
     // This is just one simple example of what you might choose to do with
     // a GCM message.
     private void sendNotification(String msg) {          mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) this
          .getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
          PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,          new Intent(this, LaunchActivity.class), 0);

          NotificationCompat.Builder mBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(          this)
          .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon)
          .setContentTitle("Ocutag Snap")
          .setStyle(new NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle().bigText(msg))
          .setContentText(msg)
          .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND | Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE);

          mBuilder.setContentIntent(contentIntent);          mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, mBuilder.build());
     }
}

Answer 5

My understanding/experience with Android push notification are:

1. C2DM GCM - If your target android platform is 2.2+, then go for it. Just one catch, device users have to be always logged with a Google Account to get the messages.

2. MQTT - Pub/Sub based approach, needs an active connection from device, may drain battery if not implemented sensibly.

3. Deacon - May not be good in a long run due to limited community support.

Edit : Added on November 25, 2013

GCM - Google says...

For pre-3.0 devices, this requires users to set up their Google account on their mobile devices. A Google account is not a requirement on devices running Android 4.0.4 or higher.*

Answer 6

There is a new open-source effort to develop a Java library for push notifications on Android based on the Meteor web server. You can check it out at the Deacon Project Blog , where you'll find links to Meteor and the project's GitHub repository. We need developers, so please spread the word!

Answer 7

You can use Xtify ( http://developer.xtify.com ) - they have a push notifications webservice that works with their SDK. it's free and so far, it's worked really well for me.

Answer 8

or....

3) Keep a connection to the server, send keep-alives every few minutes, and the server can push messages instantly. This is how Gmail, Google Talk, etc. works.

Answer 9

I recommend using GCM - Google Cloud Messaging for Android It's free, and for simple uses it's should be very easy.

However it requires to maintain a 3rd side server to send the notifications on your behalf. If you want to avoid that there are some very good industrial solutions for Android push notifications service:

• Urban Airship - free up to 1M notifications per month, afterwards you are charged per 1000 notifications
• PushApps - free for 1M notifications per month, and unlimited notifications for 19.99 per month
• PushWoosh - free for 1M devices, premium plans are from 39 EURO

Diclaimer - I work in PushApps and also use their product in my applications for over a year now.

Answer 10

自2016年5月18日起， Firebase是Google面向移动开发人员的统一平台，其中包括推送通知。

Answer 11

I'm afraid you've found both possible methods. Google was, at least initially, going to implement a GChat api you could use for a push/pull implementation. Sadly, that library was cut by Android 1.0.

Answer 12

I dont know if this is still useful. I achieved something like this with a java library at http://www.pushlets.com/

Althoug doing it in a service won't prevent android from shutting it down an killing the listener thread.

Answer 13

C2DM: your app-users must have the gmail account.

MQTT: when your connection reached to 1024, it will stop work because of it used "select model " of linux.

There is a free push service and api for android, you can try it: http://push-notification.org

Answer 14

Google C2DM is depreciated now, for that, you have o use the new service GCM (Google Cloud Messaging). For documantation, see http://developer.android.com/guide/google/gcm/gs.html

Answer 15

Free and easy method:

If your target user base is not large(less than a 1000) and you want a free service to start with, then Airbop is the best and most convenient.

Airbop Website It uses Google Cloud Messaging service through its API and is provides a good performance. i have used it for two of my projects and it was easy implementing it.

Services like and Urbanship are excellent but provide an entire deployment stack and not just the push notifications thing.

If only push service is your target, Airbop will work fine.

I haven't used Pushwoosh , but is also a great choice. It allows push to 1,000,000 devices for free

Answer 16

You can use Google Cloud Messaging or GCM , it's free and easy to use. Also you can use third party push servers like PushWoosh which gives you more flexibility

Answer 17

有很多第三方服务器，例如Urban Airship ，Xtify， Mainline ，...，这些服务器不仅允许在Android上发送，而且还可以在iO，Windows Phone上发送...

Answer 18

I would suggest using both SMS and HTTP. If the user is not signed in send their phone an SMS to notify them there's a message waiting.

That's how this Ericsson Labs service works: https://labs.ericsson.com/apis/mobile-java-push/

If you implement this yourself the tricky part is deleting the incoming SMS without the user seeing it. Or maybe it's ok if they see it in your case.

Looks like this works: Deleting SMS Using BroadCastReceiver - Android

Yes, writing code like this can be dangerous and you can potentially ruin someone's life because your application deleted an SMS it shouldn't have.

Answer 19

Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) is the new version of GCM. FCM is a cross-platform messaging solution that allows you to send messages securely and for free. Inherits GCM's central infrastructure to deliver messages reliably on Android, iOS, Web (javascript), Unity and C ++.

As of April 10, 2018, Google has disapproved of GCM. The GCM server and client APIs are deprecated and will be removed on April 11, 2019. Google recommends migrating GCM applications to Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM), which inherits the reliable and scalable GCM infrastructure.

Resource

Answer 20

You can use Pusher

It's a hosted service that makes it super-easy to add real-time data and functionality to web and mobile applications.
Pusher offers libraries to integrate into all the main runtimes and frameworks.

PHP, Ruby, Python, Java, .NET, Go and Node on the server
JavaScript, Objective-C (iOS) and Java (Android) on the client.