如何停止获取ImportError：在将django与wsgi一起使用时无法导入设置'mofin.settings'？

Question

I can't get wsgi to import my settings file for my project 'mofin'.

The list of errors from the apache error log are as follows

mod_wsgi (pid=4001): Exception occurred within WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/django.wsgi'.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 228, in __call__
    self.load_middleware()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 31, in load_middleware
    for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
  File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    self._import_settings()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 59, in _import_settings
    self._target = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 94, in __init__
    raise ImportError, "Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): %s" % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)
ImportError: Could not import settings 'mofin.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named mofin.settings

I got the "hello world!" wsgi app listed here( http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/QuickConfigurationGuide ) to work fine.

The settings.py file loads fine with python manage.py (runserver|shell|syncdb|test store) as does the application.

Here is my wsgi file:

import os
import sys
sys.path.append('/home/django/mofin/trunk')
sys.path.append('/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin')
print >> sys.stderr, sys.path
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mofin.settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

the sys.path as printed in the error log is

['/usr/lib/python25.zip', '/usr/lib/python2.5', '/usr/lib/python2.5/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/home/django/mofin/trunk', '/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin']

if I open an interactive shell with manage.py, sys.path is

['/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin', '/usr/lib/python25.zip', '/usr/lib/python2.5', '/usr/lib/python2.5/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0']

My django settings file looks like this: # Django settings for mofin project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    # ('Dan xxxx', 'xxxx@yyyyyyyyyy.com'),
)

MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASE_ENGINE = 'mysql'           # 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
DATABASE_NAME = 'mofin'             # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
DATABASE_USER = 'aaaaaa'             # Not used with sqlite3.
DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'bbbbbb'         # Not used with sqlite3.
DATABASE_HOST = ''             # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
DATABASE_PORT = ''             # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/London'

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-GB'

SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# Absolute path to the directory that holds media.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/"
MEDIA_ROOT = '/home/django/media/'

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash if there is a path component (optional in other cases).
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = 'http://mofin.mywebsite.co.uk/media/'

# URL prefix for admin media -- CSS, JavaScript and images. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/media/", "/media/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/admin_media/'

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.load_template_source',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.load_template_source',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.load_template_source',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mofin.urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'mofin.store'
)

Answer 1

This can also happen if you have an application (subdirectory to the project with an init file in it) named the same thing as the project. Your settings.py file may be in your project folder, but it seems that a part of the django system looks first for a module inside the project by the same name as the project and when it can't find a settings.py in there, it fails with a misleading message.

-uniquename1

---settings.py

---manage.py

---application1

-----file.py

-----file2.py

---uniquename1  (problem, rename this to some other unique name)

-----file.py

-----file2.py

Just something else to check for anyone else having this problem. Applies to Django 1.3 and probably others.

Answer 2

I had a similar permissions problem, and although my settings.py had the right permissions, the .pyc's did not!!! So watch out for this.

Answer 3

Hey, just adding an additional answer to this problem. I had the exact same issue, but it wasn't file permissions. I was appending "path/to/project", but not also appending "path/to". Linked is mod_wsgi's Django integration explanation that showed me the answer.

Answer 4

I found the answer... file permissions. /home/django was set to 700. ie only django can view the contents. apache runs as Apache and so can't get past /home/django.

Answer 5

I think you need to have a trailing forward slash on that its what I have to do in my wsgi script in apache before I load up django.

import os
import sys
sys.path.append('/home/django/mofin/trunk/')
sys.path.append('/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin/')
print >> sys.stderr, sys.path
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mofin.settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

In my case

import os
import sys
if os.uname()[1] == 'vivien':
    sys.path.append('/home/www/sitebuilder.blacknight.ie/web/')
    os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'gibo.dev_settings'
elif os.uname()[1] == 'thingy':
    sys.path.append('/home/www/sitebuilder.blacknight.ie/web/')
    os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'gibo.dev_settings'
else:
    sys.path.append('/home/www/sitebuilder.blacknight.ie/web/')
    os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'gibo.settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

Answer 6

Another cause of this problem is that you can't name your application the same as another python module. For example I called mine site , little realising that site is already a python module.

You can check this by starting python, and running import site , help(site) , and it will show you it isn't using your module. This of course gives you errors when django tries to import site.settings which doesn't exist.

Answer 7

Possible problem:

you forgot the __init__.py file, which must be in your project and in all directories which you consider a python module for import.

Other thing you could try is to add the path directly into the manage.py file, like :

import sys

...
...

sys.path.insert(0, '/home/django/mofin/trunk')

I hope it helps

Answer 8

I had the same problem but another solution :

My project folder was named exactly as one of my application.

I had :

/home/myApp
/home/myApp/settings.py
/home/myApp/manage.py
/home/myApp/rights.py
/home/myApp/static/
/home/myApp/static/
/home/myApp/ myApp /model.py
/home/myApp/ myApp /admin.py
/home/myApp/ myApp /views.py

This kind of tree doesn't seems to be possible easily. I changed the name of my project root folder and the problem was solved!

Answer 9

In my case, I had a circular import that was causing this error. From settings.py I was importing one function in another module, and from that module I was importing a settings variable. To fix it, instead of directly importing from settings, I did this:

from django.conf import settings

Answer 10

Let me add and my experience for that issue. After head banging for few hours and try all from the above answers I found that few lines in settings.py file cause the problem:

from south.modelsinspector import add_introspection_rules
add_introspection_rules([], ["^dynamicsites.fields.FolderNameField"])
add_introspection_rules([], ["^dynamicsites.fields.SubdomainListField"])

After that I made copy of the settings.py, named scripts_settings.py whithout that lines, and used that file and everything is ok now.

Answer 11

(I wrote up this same answer for Django deployment problem in Apache/mod_wsgi. ImportError: Could not import settings 'site.settings' in case someone only finds this question.)

This doesn't appear to be the problem in your case, but I ran smack into the same ImportError when I used the WSGIPythonPath directive (instead of the .wsgi file) to set up sys.path . That worked fine until I switched to running WSGI in daemon mode. Once you do that, you have to use the python-path argument to the WSGIDaemonProcess directive instead.

Answer 12

At first look I'd say the python path is wrong but compared to interactive shell it looks ok. So maybe try this:

from django.core.management import setup_environ
from mofin import settings

setup_environ(settings)

Answer 13

I was going to say that you can just insert/append your project directory to your sys.path in your wsgi file but if your settings file is at

/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin/settings.py

Then you should be good there.

Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?

That pretty much sums up what you are looking for.

Interesting that the error propagates though:

for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:

but you have what appears to be the exact default .

You might want to check which python interpreter is pointed to by wsgi. Are you intending to use a virtualenv but wsgi is looking at your system install?

You can also set the user and group that wsgi is running under. I use something like:

WSGIDaemonProcess mysite.com user=skyl group=skyl processes=n threads=N python-path=/home/skyl/pinax/pinax-env2/lib/python2.6/site-packages

Answer 14

I had a similar problem, solved it with the following snippet in my python:

ALLDIRS = ['/var/www/MarkerDB/']

import sys 
import site 

# Remember original sys.path.
prev_sys_path = list(sys.path) 

# Add each new site-packages directory.
for directory in ALLDIRS:
  site.addsitedir(directory)

# Reorder sys.path so new directories at the front.
new_sys_path = [] 
for item in list(sys.path): 
    if item not in prev_sys_path: 
        new_sys_path.append(item) 
        sys.path.remove(item) 
sys.path[:0] = new_sys_pat

Source: http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/VirtualEnvironments#Application_Environments

Answer 15

我刚刚遇到此错误，解决方案是通过myvenv / source / activate启用我的虚拟环境。