单元测试初始化​​期间调用的方法？

Question

I have a class like the following:

class Positive(object):
    def __init__(self, item):
        self._validate_item(item)
        self.item = item

    def _validate_item(self, item):
        if item <= 0:
            raise ValueError("item should be positive.")

I'd like to write a unit test for _validate_item() , like the following:

class PositiveTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_validate_item_error(self):
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError,
            Positive._validate_item,
            0
        )

Unfortunately, this won't work because the unit test only passes 0 to the method, instead of a class instance (for the self parameter) and the 0. Is there any solution to this other than having to test this validation method indirectly via the __init__() of the class?

Answer 1

If you're not using self in the method's body, it's a hint that it might not need to be a class member. You can either move the _validate_item function into module scope:

def _validate_item(item):
    if item <= 0:
        raise ValueError("item should be positive.")

Or if it really has to stay in the class, the mark the method static:

class Positive(object):
    def __init__(self, item):
        self._validate_item(item)
        self.item = item

    @staticmethod
    def _validate_item(item):
        if item <= 0:
            raise ValueError("item should be positive.")

Your test should then work as written.

Answer 2

You're not creating an instance of Positive. How about

Positive()._validate_item, 0

Answer 3

Well, _validate_item() is tested through the constructor. Invoking it with a null or negative value will raise the ValueError exception.

Taking a step back, that's the goal no ? The "requirement" is that object shall not be created with a zero or negative value.

Now this is a contrived example, so the above could not be applicable to the real class ; another possibility, to really have a test dedicated to the _validate_item() method, could be to create an object with a positive value, and then to invoke the validate_item() on it.