Clojure：如何将函数应用于哈希映射中的条目子集？

Question

I am not to Clojure and attempting to figure out how to do this.

I want to create a new hash-map that for a subset of the keys in the hash-map applies a function to the elements. What is the best way to do this?

(let 
   [my-map {:hello "World" :try "This" :foo "bar"}]
   (println (doToMap my-map [:hello :foo] (fn [k] (.toUpperCase k)))

This should then result a map with something like

{:hello "WORLD" :try "This" :foo "BAR"}

Answer 1

(defn do-to-map [amap keyseq f]
  (reduce #(assoc %1 %2 (f (%1 %2))) amap keyseq))

Breakdown:

It helps to look at it inside-out. In Clojure, hash-maps act like functions; if you call them like a function with a key as an argument, the value associated with that key is returned. So given a single key, the current value for that key can be obtained via:

(some-map some-key)

We want to take old values, and change them to new values by calling some function f on them. So given a single key, the new value will be:

(f (some-map some-key))

We want to associate this new value with this key in our hash-map, "replacing" the old value. This is what assoc does:

(assoc some-map some-key (f (some-map some-key)))

("Replace" is in scare-quotes because we're not mutating a single hash-map object; we're returning new, immutable, altered hash-map objects each time we call assoc . This is still fast and efficient in Clojure because hash-maps are persistent and share structure when you assoc them.)

We need to repeatedly assoc new values onto our map, one key at a time. So we need some kind of looping construct. What we want is to start with our original hash-map and a single key, and then "update" the value for that key. Then we take that new hash-map and the next key, and "update" the value for that next key. And we repeat this for every key, one at a time, and finally return the hash-map we've "accumulated". This is what reduce does.

• The first argument to reduce is a function that takes two arguments: an "accumulator" value, which is the value we keep "updating" over and over; and a single argument used in one iteration to do some of the accumulating.
• The second argument to reduce is the initial value passed as the first argument to this fn .
• The third argument to reduce is a collection of arguments to be passed as the second argument to this fn , one at a time.

So:

(reduce fn-to-update-values-in-our-map 
        initial-value-of-our-map 
        collection-of-keys)

fn-to-update-values-in-our-map is just the assoc statement from above, wrapped in an anonymous function:

(fn [map-so-far some-key] (assoc map-so-far some-key (f (map-so-far some-key))))

So plugging it into reduce :

(reduce (fn [map-so-far some-key] (assoc map-so-far some-key (f (map-so-far some-key))))
        amap
        keyseq)

In Clojure, there's a shorthand for writing anonymous functions: #(...) is an anonymous fn consisting of a single form, in which %1 is bound to the first argument to the anonymous function, %2 to the second, etc. So our fn from above can be written equivalently as:

#(assoc %1 %2 (f (%1 %2)))

This gives us:

(reduce #(assoc %1 %2 (f (%1 %2))) amap keyseq)

Answer 2

(defn doto-map [m ks f & args]
  (reduce #(apply update-in %1 [%2] f args) m ks))

Example call

user=> (doto-map {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3} [:a :c] + 2)
{:a 3, :b 2, :c 5}

Hopes this helps.

Answer 3

The following seems to work:

(defn doto-map [ks f amap]
  (into amap
    (map (fn [[k v]] [k (f v)])
         (filter (fn [[k v]] (ks k)) amap))))

user=> (doto-map #{:hello :foo} (fn [k] (.toUpperCase k)) {:hello "World" :try "This" :foo "bar"})
{:hello "WORLD", :try "This", :foo "BAR"}

There might be a better way to do this. Perhaps someone can come up with a nice one-liner :)