如何在C ++中使用常量数组的成员函数？

Question

Here is a simplified version of what I have (not working):

prog.h:

...
const string c_strExample1 = "ex1";
const string c_strExample2 = "ex2";
const string c_astrExamples[] = {c_strExample1, c_strExample2};
...

prog.cpp:

...
int main()
{
    int nLength = c_astrExamples.length();
    for (int i = 0; i < nLength; i++)
        cout << c_astrExamples[i] << "\n";
    return 0;
}
...

When I try to build, I get the following error: error C2228: left of '.length' must have class/struct/union

The error occurs only when I try to use member functions of the c_astrExamples. If I replace "c_astrExamples.length()" with the number 2, everything appears to work correctly.

I am able to use the member functions of c_strExample1 and c_strExample2, so I think the behavior arises out of some difference between my use of strings vs arrays of strings.

Is my initialization in prog.h wrong? Do I need something special in prog.cpp?

Answer 1

Arrays in C++ don't have member functions. You should use a collection like vector<string> if you want an object, or compute the length like this:

int nLength = sizeof(c_astrExamples)/sizeof(c_astrExamples[0]);

Answer 2

Arrays in C++ are inherited from C, which wasn't object-oriented. So they aren't objects and don't have member functions. (In that they behave like int , float and the other built-in types.) From that ancestry stem more problems with array, like the fact that they easily (eg, when passed into a function) decay into a pointer to the first element with no size information left.

The usual advice is to use std::vector instead, which is a dynamically resizable array. However, if you the array size is known at compile-time and you need a constant, then boost's array type ( boost::array , if your compiler supports the TR1 standard extensions also available as std::tr1::array , to become std::array in the next version of the C++ standard) is what you want.

Edit 1 :

A safe way to get the length of an array in C++ involves an incredible combination of templates, function pointers and even a macro thrown into the mix:

template <typename T, std::size_t N>
char (&array_size_helper(T (&)[N]))[N];

#define ARRAY_SIZE(Array_) (sizeof( array_size_helper(Array_) ))

If you (like me) think this is hilarious, look at boost::array .

Edit 2 :

As dribeas said in a comment, if you don't need a compile-time constant, this

template <typename T, std::size_t N>
inline std::size_t array_size(T(&)[N])
{return N;}

is sufficient (and much easier to read and understand).

Answer 3

Just use STL vector of strings instead of array:

#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

const string c_strExample1 = "ex1";
const string c_strExample2 = "ex2";
vector<string> c_astrExamples;
c_astrExamples.push_back(c_strExample1);
c_astrExamples.push_back(c_strExample2);

int main()
{
    int nLength = c_astrExamples.size();

Answer 4

c_astrExamples是一个数组，其中没有“ length（）”方法。

Answer 5

In C++ arrays are not objects and have no methods on it. If you need to get the length of the array you could use the following macro

#define COUNTOF( array ) ( sizeof( array )/sizeof( array[0] ) )
int nLength = COUNTOF(c_astrExamples);

Answer 6

Also, beware of initialisation in a header file. You risk offending the linker.
You should have:

prog.h:

extern const string c_strExample1;
extern const string c_strExample2;
extern const string c_astrExamples[];