使用BPL加载Delphi对象运行时

Question

I have a class in a unit. Usually, when I changed the algorithm of its methods, I have to recompile it and deliver the patch as a whole. I think to create the instance of the class using DLL. After searching in delphi.about.com, I found that instead of using DLL, I can use BPL. It is a DLL for Delphi. The problem is almost all examples I found is only telling how to export a function. I want to dynamically load the BPL, and whenever I replace the BPL, I can get the latest algorithm of the class, not only the functions I export.

Article I have read:
- http://delphi.about.com/od/objectpascalide/a/bpl_vs_dll.htm
- Plugins system for Delphi application - bpl vs dll?
- http://delphi.about.com/library/weekly/aa012301a.htm

Any URL or SAMPLE how to create a BPL from scratch to encapsulate a component or a class is greatly appreciated.

---

Dear Guru,

Suppose I have code like this:

unit unitA;

interface

type
  B = class(TObject)
  public
    procedure HelloB;
  end;

  A = class(TObject)
  public
    function GetB: B;
    function HelloA: String;
    procedure Help;
  end;

  implementation

  uses
      Dialogs;

  { B }

   procedure B.HelloB;
   begin
     ShowMessage('B');
   end;

  { A }

  function A.GetB: B;
  begin
    Result := B.Create;
  end;

  function A.HelloA: String;
  begin
    Result := 'Hello, this is A';
  end;

  procedure A.Help;
  begin
    //do something
  end;

  end.

I want to export all public methods of A. How to make it a DLL? How to use it from another unit where to import it? let's say:

 var a: A;

 a := A.Create;
 a.GetB;
 showMessage(a.HelloA);

A is not declared in the unit (it is in the DLL). Please advise.

---

Hurray. I got it last night. All I have to do is make the object implement an interface which is used in the caller unit to catch the instance of object returned by the DLL.

Thank you all.

Answer 1

Mason nailed it already, but let me elaborate on why BPLs aren't what you are looking for. BPLs are a means for the Delphi IDE to load components that share the same memory manager and RTL. (Type identity works almost transparently using BPLs)

However, the dependencies you are getting tied up in are almost always unacceptable. Except for the IDE, which cannot handle different versions of RTL and VCL anyway.

When you pass only interface references between your application and its DLLs, then you don't have to share RTL, VCL or shared packages at all.

It also means that you could write some DLLs in another language (C++, C#, FPC, another Delphi version), and still use objects. Which can be tempting when you don't want to port your main app but still want to use existing libraries that are not available for Delphi, or your version of Delphi.

Answer 2

The problem with putting a class in an external file is that your main application needs to know some way to refer to it. It will either have to descend from a base class that exposes all the methods you need as virtual methods, or implement an interface that contains all the functionality you need from it.

If you already know what the interface of the object should look like, and all you're changing is implementation details such as internal algorithms, probably the easiest thing would be to make your class implement an interface and put it in a DLL that exports a function that returns an instance of this interface. That way you don't need to worry about breaking your app up into packages, which can be a real hassle.

Answer 3

I see nothing in your problem description suggesting you would need to explicitly export anything from the package or that you would need to load it dynamically at run time. Instead, it's enough that your functions reside in a run-time package that can be replaced separately from the main program.

Start a new package project and move your class's unit into that project along with any other units it depends on. Compile the project. If the compiler warns about "implicitly including" any other units, add those to the package, too.

Now, remove any of the package units from the EXE project. There should be no units that are members of both projects. Next, turn on the "build with run-time packages" checkbox in your EXE's project options. Add your package to the semicolon-separated list of package names. The RTL and VCL packages will probably also be on that list.

Compile both projects, and you're done.

If you make changes to your class implementation, you can recompile the package only and send a new version to customers. The program will automatically get the new changes when you replace the original file with the new one. The package is listed in the program's import table, so the OS will automatically load the BPL file when it loads the EXE. The EXE doesn't need to run any special code to load the package.

Answer 4

Delphi can create DLL to export functions or BPL to export component.

You can create component, compile it (use the same compiler settings as in your main app), and Delphi will create .bpl. Then import this component to Delphi and compile your app with this compomponent as a package.

My experience with components created with Delphi 4 proved that one, big application is more reliable than application with separate .bpls. It was multithreaded server and it worked fine if compiled standalone, while crashed after short time if compiled with packages. I hope newer versions of Delphi improved in this area.

Be aware of memory management (in app do not free memeory allocated in package and vice versa) and compiler settings.

If you like about.com then this link will be useful: Introduction to Packages; BPLs are special DLLs!

Answer 5

BPLs have their usage. For example if you have to make a very huge application like an Erp, you need to try to use BPLs seriously.

In the other hand, BPLs aren't responsible of crashing applications. Bad usage of BPLs does it.

Answer 6

you can try the MAF Components, they handle plugins and much more for you without extra code. Comes with tutorials and a demo application with source.

http://www.maf-components.com