用于只读操作的 std::map 线程安全

Question

I have a std::map that I use to map values (field ID's) to a human readable string. This map is initialised once when my program starts before any other threads are started, and after that it is never modified again. Right now, I give every thread its own copy of this (rather large) map but this is obviously inefficient use of memory and it slows program startup. So I was thinking of giving each thread a pointer to the map, but that raises a thread-safety issue.

If all I'm doing is reading from the map using the following code:

std::string name;
//here N is the field id for which I want the human readable name
unsigned field_id = N; 
std::map<unsigned,std::string>::const_iterator map_it;

// fields_p is a const std::map<unsigned, std::string>* to the map concerned.
// multiple threads will share this.
map_it = fields_p->find(field_id);
if (map_it != fields_p->end())
{
    name = map_it->second;
}
else
{
    name = "";
}

Will this work or are there issues with reading a std::map from multiple threads?

Note: I'm working with visual studio 2008 currently, but I'd like this to work acros most main STL implementations.

Update: Edited code sample for const correctness.

Answer 1

This will work from multiple threads as long as your map remains the same. The map you use is immutable de facto so any find will actually do a find in a map which does not change.

Here is a relevant link: http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/thread_safety.html

The SGI implementation of STL is thread-safe only in the sense that simultaneous accesses to distinct containers are safe, and simultaneous read accesses to to shared containers are safe. If multiple threads access a single container, and at least one thread may potentially write, then the user is responsible for ensuring mutual exclusion between the threads during the container accesses.

You fall into he "simultaneous read accesses to shared containers" category.

Note: this is true for the SGI implementation. You need to check if you use another implementation. Of the two implementations which seem widely used as an alternative, STLPort has built-in thread safety as I know. I don't know about the Apache implementation though.

Answer 2

It should be fine. You can use const references to it if you want to document/enforce read-only behaviour.

Note that correctness isn't guaranteed (in principle the map could choose to rebalance itself on a call to find ), even if you do use const methods only (a really perverse implementation could declare the tree mutable). However, this seems pretty unlikely in practise.

Answer 3

Yes it is.

See related post with same question about std::set:

Is the C++ std::set thread-safe?

Answer 4

For MS STL implementation

Thread Safety in the C++ Standard Library

The following thread safety rules apply to all classes in the C++ Standard Library—this includes shared_ptr, as described below. Stronger guarantees are sometimes provided—for example, the standard iostream objects, as described below, and types specifically intended for multithreading, like those in .

An object is thread-safe for reading from multiple threads. For example, given an object A, it is safe to read A from thread 1 and from thread 2 simultaneously.