如何让 Tkinter 窗口跳到前面？

Question

How do I get a Tkinter application to jump to the front? Currently, the window appears behind all my other windows and doesn't get focus.

Is there some method I should be calling?

Answer 1

Assuming you mean your application windows when you say "my other windows", you can use the lift() method on a Toplevel or Tk:

root.lift()

If you want the window to stay above all other windows, use:

root.attributes("-topmost", True)

Where root is your Toplevel or Tk. Don't forget the - infront of "topmost" !

To make it temporary , disable topmost right after:

def raise_above_all(window):
    window.attributes('-topmost', 1)
    window.attributes('-topmost', 0)

Just pass in the window you want to raise as a argument, and this should work.

Answer 2

Add the following lines before the mainloop():

root.lift()
root.attributes('-topmost',True)
root.after_idle(root.attributes,'-topmost',False)

It works perfectly for me. It makes the window come to the front when the window is generated, and it won't keep it always be in the front.

Answer 3

If you're doing this on a Mac, use AppleEvents to give focus to Python. Eg:

import os

os.system('''/usr/bin/osascript -e 'tell app "Finder" to set frontmost of process "Python" to true' ''')

Answer 4

Regarding the Mac, I noticed there can be a problem in that if there are multiple python GUIs running, every process will be named "Python" and AppleScript will tend to promote the wrong one to the front. Here's my solution. The idea is to grab a list of running process IDs before and after you load Tkinter. (Note that these are AppleScript process IDs which seem to bear no relation to their posix counterparts. Go figure.) Then the odd man out will be yours and you move that one to frontmost. (I didn't think that loop at the end would be necessary, but if you simply get every process whose ID is procID, AppleScript apparently returns the one object identified by name, which of course is that non-unique "Python", so we are back to square one unless there's something I'm missing.)

import Tkinter, subprocess
def applescript(script):
    return subprocess.check_output(['/usr/bin/osascript', '-e', script])
def procidset():
    return set(applescript(
        'tell app "System Events" to return id of every process whose name is "Python"'
        ).replace(',','').split())
idset = procidset()
root = Tkinter.Tk()
procid = iter(procidset() - idset).next()
applescript('''
    tell app "System Events"
        repeat with proc in every process whose name is "Python"
            if id of proc is ''' + procid + ''' then
                set frontmost of proc to true
                exit repeat
            end if
        end repeat
    end tell''')

Answer 5

On Mac OS X PyObjC provides a cleaner and less error prone method than shelling out to osascript:

import os
from Cocoa import NSRunningApplication, NSApplicationActivateIgnoringOtherApps

app = NSRunningApplication.runningApplicationWithProcessIdentifier_(os.getpid())
app.activateWithOptions_(NSApplicationActivateIgnoringOtherApps)

Answer 6

Recently, I had the same question on the Mac. I have combined several answers using @MagerValp for the Mac and @DK for other systems:

import platform

if platform.system() != 'Darwin':
    root.lift()
    root.call('wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', True)
    root.after_idle(root.call, 'wm', 'attributes', '.', '-topmost', False)
else:
    import os
    from Cocoa import NSRunningApplication, NSApplicationActivateIgnoringOtherApps

    app = NSRunningApplication.runningApplicationWithProcessIdentifier_(os.getpid())
    app.activateWithOptions_(NSApplicationActivateIgnoringOtherApps)

root.mainloop()

Answer 7

Somewhat of a combination of various other methods, this works on OS X 10.11, and Python 3.5.1 running in a venv, and should work on other platforms too. It also targets the app by process id rather than app name.

from tkinter import Tk
import os
import subprocess
import platform


def raise_app(root: Tk):
    root.attributes("-topmost", True)
    if platform.system() == 'Darwin':
        tmpl = 'tell application "System Events" to set frontmost of every process whose unix id is {} to true'
        script = tmpl.format(os.getpid())
        output = subprocess.check_call(['/usr/bin/osascript', '-e', script])
    root.after(0, lambda: root.attributes("-topmost", False))

You call it right before the mainloop() call, like so:

raise_app(root)
root.mainloop()

Answer 8

There's a hint on how to make the Tkinter window take focus when you call mainloop() in the Tkinter._test() function.

# The following three commands are needed so the window pops
# up on top on Windows...
root.iconify()
root.update()
root.deiconify()
root.mainloop()

This is the cleanest most proper way I've found to do this, but it's only needed for Windows systems.

Answer 9

This answer is to make one Tkinter Window pop up overtop of other Tkinter windows.

In my app I have a large window toplevel which calls a much smaller window top2 which initially appears on top of toplevel .

If user clicks within toplevel window it gains focus and smothers much smaller top2 window until toplevel window is dragged off of it.

The solution is to click the button in toplevel to launch top2 again. The top2 open function knows it is already running so simply lifts it to the top and gives it focus:

def play_items(self):
    ''' Play 1 or more songs in listbox.selection(). Define buttons:
            Close, Pause, Prev, Next, Commercial and Intermission
    '''

    if self.top2_is_active is True:
        self.top2.focus_force()     # Get focus
        self.top2.lift()            # Raise in stacking order
        root.update()
        return                      # Don't want to start playing again

Answer 10

On macOS High Sierra, py3.6.4, here is my solution:

def OnFocusIn(event):
    if type(event.widget).__name__ == 'Tk':
        event.widget.attributes('-topmost', False)

# Create and configure your root ...

root.attributes('-topmost', True)
root.focus_force()
root.bind('<FocusIn>', OnFocusIn)

The idea is to bring it to the front until user interacts with it, ie, taking focus.

I tried the accepted answer, .after_idle() , and .after() . They all fail in one case: When I run my script directly from an IDE like PyCharm, the app window will stay behind.

My solution works in all the cases that I encountered.

Answer 11

If the window you would like to raise your target window over, is known, you could simpy use the tkraise method with the aboveThis parameter set to the window you wish to draw over.

from tkinter import Tk, ttk, Toplevel

class App(Tk):

    def __init__(self):
        Tk.__init__(self)
        self.title('Main Window')
        self.state('zoomed')
        self.l1 = ttk.Label(self, text='Hello World!')
        self.l1.pack()

        self.s = Splash()
        self.s.tkraise(aboveThis=self)

class Splash(Toplevel):
    def __init__(self):
        Toplevel.__init__(self)
        self.title('Splash Screen')
        self.lift()


app = App()
app.mainloop()