与Paramiko嵌套的SSH会话

Question

I'm rewriting a Bash script I wrote into Python. The crux of that script was

ssh -t first.com "ssh second.com very_remote_command"

I'm having a problem with the nested authentication with paramiko. I wasn't able to find any examples dealing with my precise situation, but I was able to find examples with sudo on a remote host.

The first method writes to stdin

ssh.connect('127.0.0.1', username='jesse', password='lol')
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("sudo dmesg")
stdin.write('lol\n')
stdin.flush()

The second creates a channel and uses the socket-like send and recv .

I was able to get stdin.write to work with sudo , but it doesn't work with ssh on the remote host.

import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect('first.com', username='luser', password='secret')
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ssh luser@second.com')
stdin.write('secret')
stdin.flush()
print '---- out ----'
print stdout.readlines()
print '---- error ----'
print stderr.readlines()

ssh.close()

...prints...

---- out ----
[]
---- error ----
['Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.\r\n', 'Permission denied, please try again.\r\n', 'Permission denied, please try again.\r\n', 'Permission denied (publickey,password,keyboard-interactive).\r\n']

The pseudo-terminal error reminded me of the -t flag in my original command, so I switched to the second method, using a Channel. Instead of ssh.exec_command and later, I have:

t = ssh.get_transport()
chan = t.open_session()
chan.get_pty()
print '---- send ssh cmd ----'
print chan.send('ssh luser@second.com')
print '---- recv ----'
print chan.recv(9999)
chan = t.open_session()
print '---- send password ----'
print chan.send('secret')
print '---- recv ----'
print chan.recv(9999)

...but it prints '---- send ssh cmd ----' and just hangs until I kill the process.

I'm new to Python and none too knowledgeable about networks. In the first case, why does sending the password work with sudo but not with ssh ? Are the prompts different? Is paramiko even the right library for this?

Answer 1

I managed to find a solution, but it requires a little manual work. If anyone have a better solution, please tell me.

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect('first.com', username='luser', password='secret')

chan = ssh.invoke_shell()

# Ssh and wait for the password prompt.
chan.send('ssh second.com\n')
buff = ''
while not buff.endswith('\'s password: '):
    resp = chan.recv(9999)
    buff += resp

# Send the password and wait for a prompt.
chan.send('secret\n')
buff = ''
while not buff.endswith('some-prompt$ '):
    resp = chan.recv(9999)
    buff += resp

# Execute whatever command and wait for a prompt again.
chan.send('ls\n')
buff = ''
while not buff.endswith('some-prompt$ '):
    resp = chan.recv(9999)
    buff += resp

# Now buff has the data I need.
print 'buff', buff

ssh.close()

The thing to note is that instead of this

t = ssh.get_transport()
chan = t.open_session()
chan.get_pty()

...you want this

chan = ssh.invoke_shell()

It reminds me of when I tried to write a TradeWars script when I was a kid and gave up coding for ten years. :)

Answer 2

Here is a small example using paramiko only (and port forwarding):

import paramiko as ssh

class SSHTool():
    def __init__(self, host, user, auth,
                 via=None, via_user=None, via_auth=None):
        if via:
            t0 = ssh.Transport(via)
            t0.start_client()
            t0.auth_password(via_user, via_auth)
            # setup forwarding from 127.0.0.1:<free_random_port> to |host|
            channel = t0.open_channel('direct-tcpip', host, ('127.0.0.1', 0))
            self.transport = ssh.Transport(channel)
        else:
            self.transport = ssh.Transport(host)
        self.transport.start_client()
        self.transport.auth_password(user, auth)

    def run(self, cmd):
        ch = self.transport.open_session()
        ch.set_combine_stderr(True)
        ch.exec_command(cmd)
        retcode = ch.recv_exit_status()
        buf = ''
        while ch.recv_ready():
            buf += ch.recv(1024)
        return (buf, retcode)

# The example below is equivalent to
# $ ssh 10.10.10.10 ssh 192.168.1.1 uname -a
# The code above works as if these 2 commands were executed:
# $ ssh -L <free_random_port>:192.168.1.1:22 10.10.10.10
# $ ssh 127.0.0.1:<free_random_port> uname -a
host = ('192.168.1.1', 22)
via_host = ('10.10.10.10', 22)

ssht = SSHTool(host, 'user1', 'pass1',
    via=via_host, via_user='user2', via_auth='pass2')

print ssht.run('uname -a')

Answer 3

You can create ssh connection using channel from another ssh connection. See here for more detail.

Answer 4

For a ready made solution check out pxssh from the pxpect project. Look at the sshls.py and ssh_tunnel.py examples.

http://www.noah.org/wiki/Pexpect

Answer 5

Sinas's answer works well but didn't provide all the output from very long commands for me. However, using chan.makefile() allows me to retrieve all the output.

The below works on a system that requires tty and also prompts for sudo password

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.load_system_host_keys()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.WarningPolicy())
ssh.connect("10.10.10.1", 22, "user", "password")
chan=ssh.get_transport().open_session()
chan.get_pty()
f = chan.makefile()
chan.exec_command("sudo dmesg")
chan.send("password\n")
print f.read()
ssh.close()