如何在C ++程序中从文件名命令行参数确定完整路径？

Question

I am writing a program in c++ that accepts a filename as an argument on the command line:

>> ./myprogram ../path/to/file.txt

I know I can simply open an fstream using argv[1] , but the program needs more information about the exact location (ie. full pathname) of the file.

I thought about appending argv[1] to getcwd() , however obviously in the example above you'd end up with /path/../path/to/file.txt . Not sure whether fstream would resolve that path automatically, but even if it did, I still don't have the full path without a lot of string processing.

Of course, that method wouldn't work at all if the path provided was already absolute. And since this program may be run on Linux/Windows/etc, simply detecting a starting '/' character won't work to determine whether the argument was a full path or not.

I would think this is a fairly common issue to deal with path names across multiple OSs. So and ?

Answer 1

Pathname handling is highly OS-specific: some OS have a hierarchy with just one root (eg / on Unix ), some have several roots a la MS-DOS' drive letters; some may have symbolic links, hard links or other kinds of links, which can make traversal tricky. Some may not even have the concept of a "canonical" path to a file (eg if a file has hard links, it has multiple names, none of which is more "canonical").

If you've ever tried to do path-name manipulation across multiple OS in Java, you know what I mean :-).

In short, pathname handling is system-specific, so you'll have to do it separately for each OS (family), or use a suitable library.

Edit :

You could look at Apache Portable Runtime , or at Boost (C++ though), both have pathname handling functions.

Answer 2

...you'd end up with /path/../path/to/file.txt. Not sure whether fstream would resolve that path automatically, but even if it did, I still don't have the full path without a lot of string processing.

It does, and you can use /path/../path/ for everything you want without problems.

Anyway there is no standard function in C++ to do what you want. You would have to do it manually, and it wouldn't be trivial.. I suggest you keep the path as it is, it shouldn't cause any problems.

Answer 3

It is OS-dependent. If you are using linux you can look at realpath() . No doubt Windows has something comparable.

Answer 4

AFAIK there is no standard way.

however you could try this approach (written in pseudocode):

string raw_dirname=get_directory_part(argv[1])
string basename=get_filename_part(argv[1])
string cwd=getcwd()
chdir(relative_dirname)
string absolute_dirname=getcwd()
chdir(cwd)
string absolute_filename=absulute_dirname + separator + basename

but note: I am not quite sure if there are issues when symbolic links come into play.