如何查看 Javascript 对象的原型链？

Question

Given the following code:

function a() {}
function b() {}
b.prototype = new a();
var b1 = new b();

We can stay that a has been added to b 's prototype chain. Great. And, all the following are true:

b1 instanceof b
b1 instanceof a
b1 instanceof Object

My question is, what if we don't know the origins of b1 ahead of time? How can we discover the members of its prototype chain? Ideally I'd like an array like [b, a, Object] or ["b", "a", "Object"] .

Is this possible? I believe I've seen an answer somewhere on SO that described how to find out just this but I can't for the life of me find it again.

Answer 1

Well, the prototype link between objects ( [[Prototype]] ) is internal, some implementations, like the Mozilla, expose it as obj.__proto__ .

The Object.getPrototypeOf method of the ECMAScript 5th Edition is what you're needing, but it isn't implemented right now on most JavaScript engines.

Give a look to this implementation by John Resig, it has a pitfall, it relies on the constructor property of engines that don't support __proto__ :

if ( typeof Object.getPrototypeOf !== "function" ) {
  if ( typeof "test".__proto__ === "object" ) {
    Object.getPrototypeOf = function(object){
      return object.__proto__;
    };
  } else {
    Object.getPrototypeOf = function(object){
      // May break if the constructor has been tampered with
      return object.constructor.prototype;
    };
  }
}

Remember that this is not 100% reliable, since the constructor property is mutable on any object.

Answer 2

edit — This answer is from 2010, and quite obsolete. Since then the language has added the Object.getPrototypeOf() API, which vastly simplifies the process.

---

You could use the "constructor" property of the object to find the prototype there, and then chain along that until you reached the end of the rainbow.

function getPrototypes(o) {
  return (function gp(o, protos) {
    var c = o.constructor;
    if (c.prototype) {
      protos.push(c.prototype);
      return gp(c.prototype, protos);
    }
    return protos;
  })(o, []);
}

(maybe) (or maybe not :-) give me a sec) (well crap; I think it's possible but ignore that code)

[edit] wow this is totally blowing my mind - that function's close but not quite right; setting up a chain of prototypes is weird and I'm feeling scared and lonely. I suggest paying attention only to the awesome @CMS above.

Answer 3

Here is a starting point:

Object.prototype.getConstructorNames=function(){
        return Object.keys(window).filter(function(e){
            return typeof window[e]==="function" && this instanceof window[e]},this)
    }

Of course this is really incomplete but I think it will work in most cases and if anyone wants to add to it they can.

Answer 4

Another way to get the prototype chain:

function getPrototypeChain(obj) {
  let prototypeChain = [];
  (function innerRecursiveFunction(obj) {
    let currentPrototype = (obj != null) ? Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) : null;
    prototypeChain.push(currentPrototype);
    if (currentPrototype != null) {
      innerRecursiveFunction(currentPrototype);
    }
  })(obj);
  return prototypeChain;
}

Answer 5

Here is a simple method without recursive function calls

function getProtoChain(o) {
    const ans = []
    let t = o
    while (t) {
        t = t.__proto__
        ans.push(t)
    }
    return ans
}

Here is an example use of this function

class A {}
class B extends A {}
class C extends B {}

console.log(getProtoChain(new C())) // [C: {}, B: {}, A: {}, {}, null]