如何获取直方图 bin 中的数据

Question

I want to get a list of the data contained in a histogram bin. I am using numpy, and Matplotlib. I know how to traverse the data and check the bin edges. However, I want to do this for a 2D histogram and the code to do this is rather ugly. Does numpy have any constructs to make this easier?

For the 1D case, I can use searchsorted(). But the logic is not that much better, and I don't really want to do a binary search on each data point when I don't have to.

Most of the nasty logic is due to the bin boundary regions. All regions have boundaries like this: [left edge, right edge). Except the last bin, which has a region like this: [left edge, right edge].

Here is some sample code for the 1D case:

import numpy as np

data = [0, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3]

hist, edges = np.histogram(data, bins=3)

print 'data =', data
print 'histogram =', hist
print 'edges =', edges

getbin = 2  #0, 1, or 2

print '---'
print 'alg 1:'

#for i in range(len(data)):
for d in data:
    if d >= edges[getbin]:
        if (getbin == len(edges)-2) or d < edges[getbin+1]:
            print 'found:', d
        #end if
    #end if
#end for

print '---'
print 'alg 2:'

for d in data:
    val = np.searchsorted(edges, d, side='right')-1
    if val == getbin or val == len(edges)-1:
        print 'found:', d
    #end if
#end for

Here is some sample code for the 2D case:

import numpy as np

xdata = [0, 1.5, 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, \
         0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, \
         0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3]
ydata = [0, 5,5, 5, 5, 5, \
         15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, \
         25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 30]

xbins = 3
ybins = 3
hist2d, xedges, yedges = np.histogram2d(xdata, ydata, bins=(xbins, ybins))

print 'data2d =', zip(xdata, ydata)
print 'hist2d ='
print hist2d
print 'xedges =', xedges
print 'yedges =', yedges

getbin2d = 5  #0 through 8

print 'find data in bin #', getbin2d

xedge_i = getbin2d % xbins
yedge_i = int(getbin2d / xbins) #IMPORTANT: this is xbins

for x, y in zip(xdata, ydata):
    # x and y left edges
    if x >= xedges[xedge_i] and y >= yedges[yedge_i]:
        #x right edge
        if xedge_i == xbins-1 or x < xedges[xedge_i + 1]:
            #y right edge
            if yedge_i == ybins-1 or y < yedges[yedge_i + 1]:
                print 'found:', x, y
            #end if
        #end if
    #end if
#end for

Is there a cleaner / more efficient way to do this? It seems like numpy would have something for this.

Answer 1

digitize , from core NumPy, will give you the index of the bin to which each value in your histogram belongs:

import numpy as NP
A = NP.random.randint(0, 10, 100)

bins = NP.array([0., 20., 40., 60., 80., 100.])

# d is an index array holding the bin id for each point in A
d = NP.digitize(A, bins)     

Answer 2

how about something like:

data = numpy.array([0, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3])

hist, edges = numpy.histogram(data, bins=3)

for l, r in zip(edges[:-1], edges[1:]):
   print(data[(data > l) & (data < r)]) 

Out:

[ 0.5]
[ 1.5  1.5  1.5]
[ 2.5  2.5  2.5]

with a bit of code to handle the edge cases.

Answer 3

pyplot.hist in matplotlib creates a histogram (but also draws it to the screen, which you might not want). For just the bins, you can use numpy.histogram, as outlined in another answer.

Here is an example comparing pyploy.hist and numpy.histogram.