为什么我的Perl系统调用失败并带有点号？

Question

I'm a beginner in Perl and I have some trouble using the "system" call. Here is a little piece of code where I try to execute 2 shell commands :

# First command is :
# dot -Tpng $dottmpfile > $pngfile
# Second command is :
# rm $dottmpfile

if (!($pngfile eq "")) {
  my @args = ("dot", "-Tpng", $dottmpfile, " > ", $pngfile);
  system (join (' ' , @args ))
    or die "system @args failed : $!";

  unlink $dottmpfile;
}

EDIT : Here is my code now, and I still get an error :

system dot -Tpng toto.dot  >  toto.png failed : Inappropriate ioctl for device at /home/claferri/bin/fractal.pl line 79.

I've used system to produce this piece of code.

Answer 1

You are using > to tell the shell to redirect output to a file yet by using invoking system LIST , you are bypassing the shell. Therefore, you can use:

system ( join (' ' , @args ) ); 

or

system "@args";

Answer 2

Looking at perldoc -f system , note:

If there is more than one argument in LIST, or if LIST is an array with more than one value, starts the program given by the first element of the list with arguments given by the rest of the list. If there is only one scalar argument, the argument is checked for shell metacharacters, and if there are any, the entire argument is passed to the system's command shell for parsing

You are invoking system LIST so the > ends up being passed to dot instead of being interpreted by the shell.

I would recommend that you keep using system LIST because it is a little safer than passing everything through the shell. According to the docs, you can specify the output file by using the -o option to dot , so do that.

If you really want to dot your i s and cross your t s (pun not intended), then you can use:

if ( defined $pngfile and $pngfile ne '') {
    my @args = (dot => '-Tpng', $dottmpfile, "-o$pngfile");
    if ( system @args ) {
        warn "'system @args' failed\n";
        my $reason = $?;
        if ( $reason == -1 ) {
            die "Failed to execute: $!";
        }
        elsif ( $reason & 0x7f ) {
            die sprintf(
                'child died with signal %d, %s coredump',
                ($reason & 0x7f),  
                ($reason & 0x80) ? 'with' : 'without'
            );
        }
        else {
            die sprintf('child exited with value %d', $reason >> 8);
        }
    }
    warn "'system @args' executed successfully\n";
    unlink $dottmpfile;
}

Answer 3

system returns 0 on success and non-zero on "failure". It's contrary to the way most of these idioms look and a little counter-intuitive, but with system calls you should use an expression like:

system($command) and warn "system $command: failed $?\n";   # and not or

or

if (system($command) != 0) { ... handle error ... }

Answer 4

Is the "dot" executable in the PATH ? Does it have executable permissions? Which specific error are you getting with this code?

It seems that is correct according to perldoc -f system .