bash编程中的getopts

Question

当我使用'while getopts d：n：OPTION'时-我怎么知道我只有无效的选项，如果是，那后面还有一个参数？

Answer 1

You know you have an invalid option because the return value is '?'.

Either:

• You can't tell whether it had an argument because the option was invalid.

Or:

• You have to look at the next argument and see whether it starts with a dash.

The heuristic in the 'Or' option is imperfect. With option bundling, I could write:

command -xbf/fidget

1. If the getopts option string is 'xf:' , then the 'b' is the invalid option.
2. If the getopts option string is 'xbf:' , then there would be an option 'f' and the option argument '/fidget' after the valid option 'b'.
3. If the getopts option string is 'xb:f: ', then the option argument for 'b' would be 'f/fidget'.

I think the 'either' attitude is correct - you cannot tell.

---

Code fragment from a command called 'rcsunco' - to cancel RCS checkouts (and written at a time when I was reluctantly moving off SCCS):

remove=yes
keep=no
get=no
quiet=

while getopts gknqrV opt
do
        case $opt in
        V)  echo "`basename $0 .sh`: RCSUNCO Version $Revision: 2.1 $ ($Date: 2002/08/03 07:41:00 $)" |
            rcsmunger
            exit 0;;
        g)  get=yes;;
        k)  keep=yes;;
        n)  remove=no;;
        q)  quiet=-q;;
        r)  remove=yes;;
        *)  echo "Usage: `basename $0 .sh` [-{n|g}][-{r|k}] file [...]" 1>&2
            exit 1;;
        esac
done

shift $(($OPTIND-1))

These days, I'd used the 'balanced parentheses' notation in the 'case':

        (q) quiet=-q;;

Also note that I do not explicitly test which option is returned - I let the catchall '*' case deal. I also observe that the usage message is not complete (no '-V' or '-q' documented), and the code is old enough that I haven't added a '-h' for help option. The script 'rcsmunger' replaces ' $Revision 2.1 $ ' with just ' 2.1 ', more like the way SCCS replaces '%I%' with '2.1'.

Answer 2

无效的选项将带有问号？...如果有问号，则对命令行参数的IIRC处理将停止。