通过连接的节点查找最长的非重复路径

Question

I've been working on this for a couple of days now without success. Basically, I have a bunch of nodes arranged in a 2D matrix. Every node has four neighbors, except for the nodes on the sides and corners of the matrix, which have 3 and 2 neighbors, respectively. Imagine a bunch of square cards laid out side by side in a rectangular area--the project is actually simulating a sort of card/board game.

Each node may or may not be connected to the nodes around it. Each node has a function (get_connections()), that returns the nodes immediately around it that it is connected to (so anywhere from 0 to 4 nodes are returned). Each node also has an "index" property, that contains it's position on the board matrix (eg '1, 4' -> row 1, col 4). What I am trying to do is find the longest non-repeating path of connected nodes given a particular "start" node.

I've uploaded a couple of images that should give a good idea of what I'm trying to do:

(source: necessarygames.com )

(source: necessarygames.com )

In both images, the highlighted red cards are supposedly the longest path of connected cards containing the most upper-left card. However, you can see in both images that a couple of cards that should be in the path have been left out (Romania and Maldova in the first image, Greece and Turkey in the second)

Here's the recursive function that I am using currently to find the longest path, given a starting node/card:

def get_longest_trip(self, board, processed_connections = list(), 
                     processed_countries = list()):
    #Append this country to the processed countries list,
    #so we don't re-double over it
    processed_countries.append(self)
    possible_trips = dict()
    if self.get_connections(board):
        for i, card in enumerate(self.get_connections(board)):
            if card not in processed_countries:
                processed_connections.append((self, card))
                possible_trips[i] = card.get_longest_trip(board, 
                                                          processed_connections, 
                                                          processed_countries)
        if possible_trips:       
            longest_trip = []
            for i, trip in possible_trips.iteritems(): 
                trip_length = len(trip)
                if trip_length > len(longest_trip):
                    longest_trip = trip
            longest_trip.append(self)         
            return longest_trip
        else:
            print
            card_list = []
            card_list.append(self)
            return card_list
    else:
        #If no connections from start_card, just return the start card 
        #as the longest trip
        card_list = []
        card_list.append(board.start_card)
        return card_list

The problem here has to do with the processed_countries list: if you look at my first screenshot, you can see that what has happened is that when Ukraine came around, it looked at its two possible choices for longest path (Maldova-Romania, or Turkey, Bulgaria), saw that they were both equal, and chose one indiscriminantly. Now when Hungary comes around, it can't attempt to make a path through Romania (where the longest path would actually be), because Romania has been added to the processed_countries list by Ukraine.

Any help on this is EXTREMELY appreciated. If you can find me a solution to this, recursive or not, I'd be happy to donate some $$ to you.

I've uploaded my full source code (Python 2.6, Pygame 1.9 required) to:

http://www.necessarygames.com/junk/planes_trains.zip

The relevant code is in src/main.py, which is all set to run.

Answer 1

您知道循环图中的最长路径问题是NP难的吗？

Answer 2

...Romania has been added to the processed_countries list by Ukraine.

Use separate processed_countries lists for each graph path. They say one code example is worth thousand words, so I've changed your code a little (untested):

def get_longest_trip(self, board, processed_countries = list()):
    # see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/576988/python-specific-antipatterns-and-bad-practices/577198#577198
    processed_countries = list(processed_countries)
    processed_countries.append(self)

    longest_trip = list()
    if self.get_connections(board):
        possible_trips = list()
        for card in self.get_connections(board):
            if card not in processed_countries:
                possible_trips.append(card.get_longest_trip(board, 
                                                            processed_countries))
        if possible_trips:
            longest_trip = max(possible_trips, key=len)
            longest_trip.append(self)

    if not longest_trip:
        longest_trip.append(self)
    return longest_trip

Unrelated matters:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 1171, in <module>
    main()
  File "main.py", line 1162, in main
    interface = Interface(continent, screen, ev_manager)    
  File "main.py", line 72, in __init__
    self.deck = Deck(ev_manager, continent)
  File "main.py", line 125, in __init__
    self.rebuild(continent)  
  File "main.py", line 148, in rebuild
    self.stack.append(CountryCard(country, self.ev_manager))
  File "main.py", line 1093, in __init__
    Card.__init__(self, COUNTRY, country.name, country.image, country.color, ev_manager)  
  File "main.py", line 693, in __init__
    self.set_text(text)
  File "main.py", line 721, in set_text
    self.rendered_text = self.render_text_rec(text)  
  File "main.py", line 817, in render_text_rec
    return render_textrect(text, self.font, text_rect, self.text_color, self.text_bgcolor, 1)       
  File "/home/vasi/Desktop/Planes and Trains/src/textrect.py", line 47, in render_textrect
    raise TextRectException, "The word " + word + " is too long to fit in the rect passed."
textrect.TextRectException: The word Montenegro is too long to fit in the rect passed.

There are 16 different bak files in your source package. Sixteen. Sixteeeen. Think about it and start to use version control.

Answer 3

Brute force method:

1. Create a depth first connected list. Store List L and its Length T.

2. For each connection of this list:

   • Push Whole Diagram
   • Delete connection.
   • Create a depth first connected list.
   • If list is longer than T: set T to length and list to L then recursive call 2.
   • Pop Whole Diagram.
   • return

This should create a flood fill style solution of all the possible ways of connecting these nodes.