如何在 Scala 中进行依赖注入？

Question

I'm still at the beginning in learning scala in addition to java and i didn't get it how is one supposed to do DI there? can or should i use an existing DI library, should it be done manually or is there another way?

Answer 1

标准 Java DI 框架通常与 Scala 一起使用，但您也可以使用语言结构来实现相同的效果，而无需外部依赖。

Answer 2

A new dependency injection library specifically for Scala is Dick Wall's SubCut .

Whereas the Jonas Bonér article referenced in Dan Story's answer emphasizes compile-time bound instances and static injection (via mix-ins), SubCut is based on runtime initialization of immutable modules, and dynamic injection by querying the bound modules by type, string names, or scala.Symbol names.

You can read more about the comparison with the Cake pattern in the GettingStarted document.

Answer 3

Dependency Injection itself can be done without any tool, framework or container support. You only need to remove new s from your code and move them to constructors. The one tedious part that remains is wiring the objects at "the end of the world", where containers help a lot.

Though with Scala's 2.10 macros, you can generate the wiring code at compile-time and have auto-wiring and type-safety.

See the Dependency Injection in Scala Guide

Answer 4

A recent project illustrates a DI based purely on constructor injection: zalando/grafter

What's wrong with constructor injection again?

There are many libraries or approaches for doing dependency injection in Scala. Grafter goes back to the fundamentals of dependency injection by just using constructor injection : no reflection, no xml, no annotations, no inheritance or self-types.

Then, Grafter add to constructor injection just the necessary support to:

• instantiate a component-based application from a configuration
• fine-tune the wiring (create singletons)
• test the application by replacing components
• start / stop the application

Grafter is targeting every possible application because it focuses on associating just 3 ideas:

• case classes and interfaces for components
• Reader instances and shapeless for the configuration
• tree rewriting and kiama for everything else!

Answer 5

我自己没有这样做，但大多数 DI 框架都在字节码级别 (AFAIK) 工作，因此应该可以将它们与任何 JVM 语言一起使用。

Answer 6

Previous posts covered the techniques. I wanted to add a link to Martin Odersky's May 2014 talk on the Scala language objectives. He identifies languages that "require" a DI container to inject dependencies as poorly implemented. I agree with this personally, but it is only an opinion. It does seem to indicate that including a DI dependency in your Scala project is non-idiomatic, but again this is opinion. Practically speaking, even with a language designed to inject dependencies natively, there is a certain amount of consistency gained by using a container. It is worth considering both points of view for your purposes.

https://youtu.be/ecekSCX3B4Q?t=1154

Answer 7

I would suggest you to try distage (disclaimer: I'm the author).

It allows you to do much more than a typical DI does and has many unique traits :

1. distage supports multiple configurations (eg you may run your app with different sets of component implementations),
2. distage allows you to correctly share dependencies across your tests and easily run same tests for different implementations of your components,
3. distage supports roles so you may run multiple services within the same process sharing dependencies between them,
4. distage does not depend on scala-reflect (but supports all the necessary features of Scala typesystem, like higher-kinded types).

You may also watch our talk at Functional Scala 2019 where we've discussed and demonstrated some important capabiliteis of distage.

Answer 8

In addition to the answer of Dan Story, I blogged about a DI variant that also uses language constructs only but is not mentioned in Jonas's post: Value Injection on Traits (linking to web.archive.org now). This pattern is working very well for me.

Answer 9

我在这里展示了如何使用 2.10 在 Scala 中创建一个非常简单的功能性 DI 容器。