从javascript类中的“私有”方法访问“公共”方法

Question

Is there a way to call "public" javascript functions from "private" ones within a class?

Check out the class below:

function Class()
{
    this.publicMethod = function()
    {
        alert("hello");
    }

    privateMethod = function()
    {
        publicMethod();
    }

    this.test = function()
    {
        privateMethod();
    }
}

Here is the code I run:

var class = new Class();
class.test();

Firebug gives this error:

publicMethod is not defined: [Break on this error] publicMethod();

Is there some other way to call publicMethod() within privateMethod() without accessing the global class variable [ie class.publicMethod()]?

Answer 1

You can save off a variable in the scope of the constructor to hold a reference to this .

Please Note: In your example, you left out var before privateMethod = function() making that privateMethod global. I have updated the solution here:

function Class()
{
  // store this for later.
  var self = this;
  this.publicMethod = function()
  {
    alert("hello");
  }

  var privateMethod = function()
  {
    // call the method on the version we saved in the constructor
    self.publicMethod();
  }

  this.test = function()
  {
    privateMethod();
  }
}

Answer 2

The accepted answer has the possibly undesirable side effect that separate copies of publicMethod , test , and privateMethod will be created in each instance. The idiom for avoiding this is:

function Class()
{}

Class.prototype=(function()
{
    var privateMethod = function(self)
    {
        self.publicMethod();
    }


    return 
    {
        publicMethod: function()
        {
            alert("hello");
        },
        test: function()
        {
            privateMethod(this);
        }
    };
}());

In other words, you need to pass the this to the private function as an argument. In return, you get a true prototype without having to pollute each instance with its own versions of the private and public functions.

Answer 3

torazaburo's answer is the best one, as it avoids creation of multiple copies of the private members. I'm surprised that Crockford doesn't mention it at all. Alternately, depending on the syntax you prefer for declaring public member functions, you could do this:

function Class()
{}

(function() {
    var privateMethod = function(self) {
        self.publicMethod();
    };

    Class.prototype.publicMethod = function() {
        alert('hello');
    };

    Class.prototype.test = function() {
        privateMethod(this);
    };
}());

Answer 4

Is this approach not a advisable one? I am not sure though

var klass = function(){
  var privateMethod = function(){
    this.publicMethod1();
  }.bind(this);

  this.publicMethod1 = function(){
    console.log("public method called through private method");
  }

  this.publicMethod2 = function(){
    privateMethod();
  }
}

var klassObj = new klass();
klassObj.publicMethod2();