如何在C中获取指针的实际地址？

Question

BACKGROUND:
I'm writing a single level cache simulator in C for a homework assignment, and I've been given code that I must work from. In our discussions of the cache, we were told that the way a small cache can hold large addresses is by splitting the large address into the position in the cache and an identifying tag. That is, if you had an 8 slot cache but wanted to store something with address larger than 8, you take the 3 (because 2^3=8) rightmost bits and put the data in that position; so if you had address 22 for example, binary 10110, you would take those 3 rightmost bits 110, which is decimal 5, and put it in slot 5 of the cache. You would also store in this position the tag, which is the remaining bits 10.

One function, cache_load, takes a single argument, and integer pointer. So effectively, I'm being given this int* addr which is an actual address and points to some value. In order to store this value in the cache, I need to split the addr. However, the compiler doesn't like when I try to work with the pointer directly. So, for example, I try to get the position by doing:
npos=addr%num_slots

The compiler gets angry and gives me errors. I tried casting to an int, but this actually got me the value that the pointer was pointing to, not the numerical address itself. Any help is appreciated, thanks!

[edit]

int load(int * addr) { 
  int value = (use_memory ? (*addr) : 0);
  intptr_t taddr=(intptr_t) addr;
  int npos=taddr % blocks;
  int ntag=taddr / blocks;
  printf("addr is %p, taddr is %p, npos is %d and ntag is %d\n",addr,taddr,npos,ntag);

When addr is passed in, it's actual address is 58, and it points to a value of 88. The output I'm getting from that printf is:

addr is 58, taddr is 58, npos is 0 and ntag is 11

So it seems taddr is getting 58 (when printed with %p, still shows 88 when printed with %d), but npos and ntag are showing up as 0 and 11 (as though the mathematical operations are being run with 88) instead of 2 and 7 as I'd like.

The code is used like this:

void load_words (int n, int words[]) {
  int i;
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    load( (int *) (words[i] * 4));
    cache_print();
  }
}

Answer 1

You should use something like

int *pointer;
intptr_t address=(intptr_t) pointer;

and this is mainly just a correction on @Andrew's post

So your function should become

(oops forgot this was homework. I'll roll back this question in a while. Can't straight give you the answer :) )

Answer 2

C99标准表示从指针类型到整数类型的转换（反之亦然）是实现定义的行为（6.3.2.3.5和6.3.2.3.6），除非使用<stdint.h>定义的intptr_t或uintptr_t但是7.18.1.4说这两种类型不是强制性的，并且实现不需要提供它们。

Answer 3

int *pointer;
uint32_t address = (uint32_t) pointer;

Except of course, you have no guarantee that an int* fits in an uint32_t, so you need to pick the right types for your platform.

Answer 4

Decimal 88 is 0x58 (hex 58). When you use the %p specifier with printf, the hex representation is printed out. So both addr and taddr are decimal 88, and your calculations are correct.

Answer 5

One important thing not already mentioned here. When you print a pointer with the %p specifier, then you should cast the argument:

printf("addr is %p\n", (void *)addr);

%p expects a pointer to void, and a specifier/argument mismatch for printf is undefined behavior.