在后台线程中创建WPF组件

Question

Im working on a reporting system, a series of DocumentPage are to be created through a DocumentPaginator . These documents include a number of WPF components that are to be instantiated so the paginator includes the correct things when later sent to the XpsDocumentWriter (which in turn is sent to the actual printer).

My problem now is that the DocumentPage instances take quite a while to create (enough for Windows to mark the application as frozen) so I tried to create them in a background thread , which is problematic since WPF expects the attributes on them to be set from the GUI thread. I would also like to have a progress bar showing up, indicating how many pages have been created so far. Thus, it looks like Im trying to get two things to happen in parallell on the GUI.

The problem is hard to explain and Im really not sure how to tackle it. In short:

• Create a series of DocumentPag e's.
  • These include WPF components
  • These are to be created on a background thread, or use some other trick so the application isnt frozen.
• After each page is created, a WPF ProgressBar should be updated.

If there is no decent way to do this, alternate solutions and approaches are more than welcome.

Answer 1

You should be able to run the paginator in a background thread as long as the thread is STA.

After you've set up your thread, try this prior to running it.

thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);

If you really must be on the GUI thread, then check out the Freezable class, as you might have to move the objects from your background thread to the GUI thread.

Answer 2

A little late to the game on this one, but I just worked out a solution to this so I thought I would share. In order to display the UI elements they have to be created on the UI thread on which they will be displayed. Since the long running task is on the UI thread, it will prevent a progress bar from updating. To get around this, I created the progress bar on a new UI thread and created the pages on the main UI thread.

        Thread t = new Thread(() =>
            {
                ProgressDialog pd = new ProgressDialog(context);
                pd.WindowStartupLocation = System.Windows.WindowStartupLocation.CenterScreen;
                pd.Show();
                System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run();
            });
        t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
        t.IsBackground = true;
        t.Start();

        Action();   //we need to execute the action on the main thread so that UI elements created by the action can later be displayed in the main UI

'ProgressDialog' was my own WPF window for displaying progress information.

'context' holds the progress data for my progress dialog. It includes a cancelled property so that I can abort the action running on the main thread. It also includes a complete property so the progress dialog can close when the Action has finished.

'Action' is the method used to create all the UI elements. It monitors the context for the cancel flag and stops generating the UI elements if the flag is set. It sets the complete flag when it is done.

I don't remember the exact reason I had to set Thread 't' to an STA thread and IsBackground to true, but I am pretty sure it won't work without them.

Answer 3

If the portions that require the UI thread are relatively small, you can use the Dispatcher to perform those operations without blocking the UI. There's overhead associated with this, but it may allow the bulk of the calculations to occur in the background and will interleave the work on the UI thread with other UI tasks. You can update the progress bar with the Dispatcher as well.

Answer 4

My guess is that everything that is time-consuming to create is within your Visual. If so, there is an easy solution: Don't create actual DocumentPage objects and their associated Visuals until DocumentPaginator.GetPage() is called.

As long as the code that consumes your document only requests one or two pages at a time there will be no performance bottleneck.

If you're printing to the printer or to a file, everything can be done on a background thread, but if you're displaying onscreen you only need to display a few DocumentPages at a time anyway. In either case you won't get any UI lockups.

The worst case scenario would be an app that displays pages in a thumbnail view. In this case, I would:

1. The thumbnail view would bind its ItemsSource to a "RealizedPages" collection which initially is filled with dummy pages
2. Whenever a dummy page is measured, it queues a dispatcher operation at DispatcherPriority.Background to call DocumentPaginator.GetPage() and then replace the dummy page in the RealizedPages collection with the real page.

If there are performance concerns even with realizing a single page because of the number of separate items, this same general approach can be used within whatever ItemsControl on the page has the large number of items.

One more note: The XPS printing system doesn't ever process more than one DocumentPage at a time, so if you know that's your client you can actually just keep returning the same DocumentPage over and over again with appropriate modifications.

Answer 5

更详细地说明Ray Burns的答案：您是否可以在后台线程的类中完成数据处理，然后在处理完成后将DocumentPage的属性数据绑定到此类？