如何初始化全局const指针？

Question

I have a variable which is the head to a linked list. I want to make it const because it should never be changed, the variable is used throughout the program, so I thought I should make it a global const. The problem is that I couldn't initialize it after I declared it const.

How can I get around this problem?

typedef struct PT {
 int x;
 int y;
 struct PT *next;
} POINT;

//globals
POINT * const mypoint_head;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int size = 100;
    mypoint_head= InitPoint(size);   // error C2166: l-value specifies const object
    //rest of code

}


POINT* InitPoint(int size)
{
   POINT *tmp;
   POINT *orig;
   int a = 10;
   int b = 1000;
   orig = (POINT*) malloc (sizeof(POINT) * size);
   if(orig == NULL)
      return NULL;

   tmp = orig;
   for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      tmp->x = a++;
      tmp->y = b++;
      if (i == size -1) {
            tmp->next = NULL:
      }
      else {
            tmp->next = tmp+1; 
      }
      tmp++;
   }
   return orig;
} 

Answer 1

你不能 - 这就是const 。

Answer 2

You are correct in that the variable declared const can never be changed. Unfortunately, your mypoint_head= InitPoint(size); line counts as trying to change the variable. You have to initialize the const variable with a value when it is declared.

Try something like this instead:

//globals
static POINT head_of_list;
POINT* const mypoint_head = &head_of_list;

Now, you can initialize the list using:

mypoint_head->next= InitPoint(size-1);

The head-of-list object was declared statically, so it always exists and you eill need to adjust your InitPoint parameters appropriately. You can also have an extern reference to the pointer in another file without having to make the object it points to directly accessible (for what it's worth).

Answer 3

Nobody has suggested this yet:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int size = 100;

    // cast address of mypoint_head to a non-const pointer:
    POINT ** nc_pmh = (POINT **)&mypoint_head;
    // use the address to set mypoint_head:
    (*nc_pmh) = InitPoint(size);
    //rest of code
}

This may not work in C++, where it may not really supply space for const objects.

BTW: This is not generally good practice. In this case, however, it works out well.

BTW: you'll want to check the return from InitPoint() , and act accordingly (call exit(), probably).

Answer 4

Remove the const qualifier from the global declaration and declare rest_of_code as a function that takes the const-qualified version of the pointer.

//globals
POINT * mypoint_head;

void rest_of_code(POINT* const mypoint_head)
{
    mypoint_head = NULL;    // this errors out now
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int size = 100;
    mypoint_head= InitPoint(size);   // no longer errors out
    //rest of code
    rest_of_code(mypoint_head);
}

Answer 5

don't have a global const pointer as your interface to everything else.

use a function :-

static POINT * mypoint_head;

POINT* point_head()
{
    return mypoint_head;
}

Answer 6

You have to use an initializer in the declaration:

static POINT mypoint_data[100];
POINT * const mypoint_head = &mypoint_head;

Then change your InitPoint function to take a pointer to the dataspace instead of calling malloc and pass it mypoint_data

You can also stick extern POINT * const mypoint_head; in a header file so its accessable in other compilation units.

Answer 7

(assumes c) const have to be initialized when they are declared and they cannot be evaluated . Maybe you could use a const pointer and make it point to your head and expose it to the rest of the code. If i have to achieve may be i will expose the variable by a getListHead() function and give it some obscure name :)

Wonders what the use case is though. I would make my list work even if its head pointer changes. (if i have a const head, if i have to delete the head node i will have to shift the elements like in an array)

Answer 8

I can't believe that no one has yet suggested const_cast.. It works just as fine for constant pointers.

const_cast<POINTER *>(mypoint_head) = InitPoint(size);

Simple as that, no extra variable declaration, nothing.