如何通过并行处理数据库结果来提高性能？

Question

I have a .net application which runs in the region of 20 to 30 SQL queries and processes the results 1 at a time. I have been trying to increase performance by doing some work in parallel.

2 of the queries take 75% of the time, purely because of the amount of data they return. My initial experiments have been to try to split these queries into 4 buckets using ntile and process each datareader in parallel. If anything this takes a lot longer, I think because of the extra work involved using NTILE + querying the DB 4 times instead of 1.

Can anyone suggest other techniques to try or am I just wasting my time here? The code below is part of a utility class which allows me to queue up the functions which process the reader. So using my NTILE experiment I queue up 4 tasks each processing 1/4 of the data (where ntile =1, 2, 3, 4) and call Execute to run them in parallel.

foreach (var keyValuePair in m_Tasks)
            {
                var sql = keyValuePair.Key;
                var task = keyValuePair.Value;

                var conn = new OracleConnection(ConnectionString);
                conn.BeginOpen(o=> {
                    conn.EndOpen(o);
                    var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
                    cmd.CommandText = sql;

                    cmd.BeginExecuteReader(a =>
                    {
                        var reader = cmd.EndExecuteReader(a);
                        DateTime endIO = DateTime.Now;
                        Console.WriteLine(TaskName + " " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + "  IO took: " + (endIO - startTime) + " ended at " + endIO);

                        DateTime taskStart = DateTime.Now;
                        task(reader);
                        DateTime endTAsk = DateTime.Now;
                        Console.WriteLine(TaskName + " " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + " TAsk took: " + (endTAsk - taskStart) + " ended at " + endTAsk);
                        reader.Close();
                        conn.Close();

                        if (Interlocked.Decrement(ref numTasks) == 0)
                        {
                            finishedEvent.Set();
                        }

                    }, null);

                },
                null

                    );


            }

            finishedEvent.WaitOne();
            DateTime endExecute = DateTime.Now;
            Console.WriteLine(TaskName + " " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + " EXECUTE took: " + (endExecute - startTime) + " ended at " + endExecute);

        }

Thanks for any help.

Answer 1

I think you're right that the cost of doing the NTILE is outweighing the saving of the parallelism.

You need to use something that will split the query sets into clearly separated sets.

If your queries are returning less than 15% of the total data (approximately) then breaking down the tables on an index (either an indexed field, or functional index) is probably your best starting point.

Example : Presuming your data has a numeric pseudo-key on each row, create a functional index on MOD(Id,4) - this would give you an Index based version of your NTILE approach. (I don't think you can have a functional index on an NTILE).

This specific approach is probably counter-productive - you would be getting data from the same blocks in different threads, so potentially increasing I/O (depends on memory).

The way that Oracle parallel query tends to do it - provided you want to process over 15% of the data in the table - is to simply break the table into N physical chunks (using the rowid) and then run N 'full scans' on those chunks.

I'm not sure if you can replicate this approach from the front-end. Splitting on a key id adds in the cost of going through the index to each row.

What you probably want is something that splits the table by something other than the key, or if you split on key, split it by ranges rather than the NTILE approach.

Answer 2

I use OracleCommand.Fetchsize to improve perfomance on large Queries.

cmd.FetchSize = &H100000  '1Mb
Dim Rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader

Some time ago, I use Async Readers for get Blob Data. But to use Async Reader you need maintain an array with each async Result an loop until last Reader ends.

   Public Shared Function FromBlob(ByVal Id As String, ByVal Rv As String, ByVal cn As OracleConnection) As Proyecto
     Dim n As Integer, Prj As Proyecto = Nothing
     Dim Bf(2)() As Byte, arrAr(2) As IAsyncResult 'Para proceso asíncrono

     Dim Cmd As New OracleCommand( _
         "Select rv,fecha,Datos From Proyectos Where Id=:Id and Rv in (:Rv,'Av','Est')", cn)
     Cmd.BindByName = True
     Cmd.Parameters.Add("Id", OracleDbType.Varchar2, Id, ParameterDirection.Input)
     Cmd.Parameters.Add("Rv", OracleDbType.Varchar2, Rv, ParameterDirection.Input)
     If Rv Is Nothing Then Prj = Proyecto.Actprj
     Try
        Using Rdr As OracleDataReader = Cmd.ExecuteReader
            Do Until Rdr.Read = False
                Dim rv1 As String = Rdr.GetString(0)
                Select Case rv1
                    Case "Av" : n = 1   'Avance TND
                    Case "Est" : n = 2  'Datos Seguimiento Estudio Seguridad
                    Case Else : n = 0
                End Select
                If Rdr.IsDBNull(2) = False Then
                   Dim Blob As OracleBlob = Rdr.GetOracleBlob(2)
                   Dim Buffer(CInt(Blob.Length)) As Byte
                   Bf(n) = Buffer
                   arrAr(n) = Blob.BeginRead(Buffer, 0, Buffer.Length, Nothing, Blob)
                End If
            Loop
            If Bf(0) Is Nothing AndAlso Prj Is Nothing Then _
               MessageBox.Show("Fallo al cargar proyecto") : Return Nothing
            For n = 0 To Bf.Length - 1
                Dim ar As IAsyncResult = arrAr(n)
                If ar IsNot Nothing AndAlso ar.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne() Then
                   Dim blob As OracleBlob = DirectCast(ar.AsyncState, OracleBlob)
                   blob.EndRead(ar)
                   blob.Dispose()
                   If ar.IsCompleted Then
                      Using rd As New BinReader(New MemoryStream(Bf(n)))
                          If n = 0 Then
                             Prj = New Proyecto(rd, False)
                          Else
                             Dim entry = Proyecto.Entry.FromLob(rd), Index = Prj.IndexOf(entry)
                             If Index < 0 Then Prj.Add(entry) Else Prj(Index) = entry
                          End If
                      End Using
                   End If
                End If
            Next
        End Using
        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
     End Try
     Return Prj
  End Function

Answer 3

You can use Ref Cursor with Oracle to execute some Sql with one OracleCommand:

  Dim cmd As New OracleCommand("Begin " _
  & "Open :1 for Select T.CODTRA,SIM,JLA CAL,SUP,RESP,SERV,SubStr(Aparato,1,3) SIS,PERS,(nvl(DUR,0) * 60) as Dur,t.DESTRA,g.DesTra Destrae,OBS from " & TraRec & " T, Trarec_Gee g where T.codtra <> 'RV' and T.Codtra=G.Codtra(+);" _
  & "Open :2 for Select Red,descr from Redes;" _
  & "Open :3 for Select * from Tr_Redes;" _
  & "Open :4 for Select CODTRA,T_COND,COND,DEMORA * 60 as DEMORA from " & TrCondic _
  & ";end;", cn)

  For n = 0 To 3 : cmd.Parameters.Add(Nothing, OracleDbType.RefCursor, ParameterDirection.Output) : Next
  Dim da As New OracleDataAdapter(cmd)
  da.Fill(0, 0, ds.Tnd, ds.Redes, ds.TrRedes, ds.TrCondic)

Note: Da.Fill(0, 0, T1, T2 ...) is a Oracle especific function to retrieve many tables on a single statement.

Answer 4

Ultimately it has turned out to be an IO bound problem. I've been able to achieve perf improvements by doing the IO asynchronously. NTILE on ROWID does what I wanted but so far it hasn't helped because the problem is IO bound.