javascript中的私有静态函数

Question

How can I create a function that can't be called from outside?

var obj = {
    function1: function(){
        alert("function1");
    },
    function2: function(){
        alert("function2...");
        obj.function1();
    }
};
// so how to make this function unaccessible 
obj.function1();
// and you could only call this function
obj.function2();

Answer 1

You may want to consider using the Yahoo Module Pattern . This is a singleton pattern, and the methods are not really static, but it may be what you are looking for:

var obj = (function () {

   //"private" variables:
   var myPrivateVar = "I can be accessed only from within obj.";

   //"private" method:
   var myPrivateMethod = function () {
      console.log("I can be accessed only from within obj");
   };

   return {
      myPublicVar: "I'm accessible as obj.myPublicVar",

      myPublicMethod: function () {
         console.log("I'm accessible as obj.myPublicMethod");

         //Within obj, I can access "private" vars and methods:
         console.log(myPrivateVar);
         console.log(myPrivateMethod());
      }
   };
})();

You define your private members where myPrivateVar and myPrivateMethod are defined, and your public members where myPublicVar and myPublicMethod are defined.

You can simply access the public methods and properties as follows:

obj.myPublicMethod();    // Works
obj.myPublicVar;         // Works
obj.myPrivateMethod();   // Doesn't work - private
obj.myPrivateVar;        // Doesn't work - private

Answer 2

The simple answer is that you can't do both . You can create "private" methods or "static" methods, but you can't create Private static functions as in other languages.

The way you can emulate privacy is closure :

function f() {

  function inner(){}

  return {
    publicFn:  function() {},
    publicFn2: function() {}
  }
}

Here because of closure , the inner function will be created every time you call f , and the public functions can acces this inner function, but for the outside world inner will be hidden .

The way you create static methods of an object is simple:

function f() {}

f.staticVar = 5;
f.staticFn = function() {};
// or
f.prototype.staticFn = function() {};

Here the function object f will only have one staticFn which has access to static variables, but nothing from the instances .

Please note that the prototype version will be inherited while the first one won't.

So you either make a private method that is not accessing anything from the instances, or you make a static method which you doesn't try to access from the outside.​

Answer 3

You can use a closure, something along the lines of....

var construct = function() {

   var obj = {};

   var method1 = function() {
      alert("method1");
   }

   obj.method2 = function() {
         alert("method2...");
         method1();
   }

   return obj;
}

obj = construct();

Then:

obj.method2 is accessible, but obj.method1 doesn't exist for public usage. It can be only accessed using member functions of the class.

Answer 4

Objects can be produced by constructors , which are functions which initialize objects. Constructors provide the features that classes provide in other languages, including static variables and methods.

Read all about it at http://www.crockford.com/javascript/private.html

Answer 5

You can do it like this:

var obj = new function() {
  var method1 = function() { // private }
  this.method2 = function() { // public } 
}

obj.method1(); // not possible
obj.method2(); // possible

Note that I also use an anonymous constructor. This is sort of analogous to the Singleton pattern.

Answer 6

Maybe you want a proxy object containing only the public methods, eg

var obj = (function() {
  var obj = {
    method1: function(){
      alert("method1");
    },
    method2: function(){
      alert("method2...");
      obj.method1();
    }
  }
  return {
    method2: function() { return obj.method2.apply(obj, arguments) }
  }
})()

// you could only call this function
obj.method2();
// this function inaccessible 
obj.method1();

I don't see the point of private methods in javascript. If you don't want people calling a method then don't advertise it. Private methods also make debugging just that bit harder too.

Answer 7

This is how it really should be done.

var MyClass = new(function() {
    var privateStaticVariable = '';

    function privateStaticMethod() {

    }

    function construct() {
        var self = this;
        this.publicMethod = function() {};

        function privateMethod() {
            //maybe lest use our private static method
            privateStaticMethod();
        }
    }
    construct.publicStaticVariable = '';
    construct.publicStaticMethod = function() {};
    return construct;
})();

Now lets use it:

    var myClass = new MyClass();.....
MyClass.publicStaticMethod();
MyClass.publicStaticVariable = 'sfdsdf';
myClass.publicMethod();

.....

Answer 8

Use class . Though some of the features are still not shipped as it's at Stage 3 .

 const instance = new (class Alpha { static #private_static_method() { console.info("I am private and static."); } static public_static_method() { Alpha.#private_static_method(); console.info("I am public and static."); } #private_nonstatic_method() { console.info("I am private and non-static."); } public_nonstatic_method() { this.#private_nonstatic_method(); console.info("I am public and non-static."); } }); instance.constructor.public_static_method(); // instance.constructor.#private_static_method(); // impossible instance.public_nonstatic_method(); // instance.#private_nonstatic_method(); // impossible