如何在 JUnit 4 中动态创建测试套件？

Question

I would like to create a junit test suite using JUnit 4 where the names of the test classes to be included are not known until the test suite is run.

In JUnit 3 I could do this:

public final class MasterTester extends TestCase
{
  /**
   * Used by junit to specify what TestCases to run.
   * 
   * @return a suite containing what TestCases to run
   */
  public static TestSuite suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();

    for(Class<?> klass : gatherTestClasses()) {
      suite.addTestSuite(klass);
    }

    return suite;
  }
}

and let the gatherTestClasses() method deal with figuring out what test classes to run.

In JUnit 4, the documentation says to use an annotation: @SuiteClasses({TestClass1.class, TestClass2.class...}) to build up my test suite. There are numerous SO answers showing how to do this. Unfortunately the examples I see do not seem to allow for passing a dynamically generated list of TestClasses.

This SO answer suggested I would have to subclass BlockJUnit4ClassRunner which I do not want to do.

Dynamically specified test suites seem like something that must be in JUnit 4 somewhere. Does anyone know where?

Answer 1

To create a dynamic test suite, you need to use the @RunWith annotation. There are two common ways to use it:

@RunWith(Suite.class)

This allows you to specify, which classes compose the test suite in question. This is equivalent to the JUnit 3 style:

import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

public final class MasterTester extends TestCase {

  public static TestSuite suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
    suite.addTestSuite(TestClass1.class);        
    suite.addTestSuite(TestClass2.class);
    // etc...
    return suite;
  }
}

The equivalent JUnit 4 class will be:

import org.junit.runners.Suite;

@RunWith(Suite.class)
@SuiteClasses({TestClass1.class, TestClass2.class})
public final class MasterTester {

}

@RunWith(AllTests.class)

This allows you to dynamically specify the tests, which compose the test suite. If your tests are not known until runtime, you cannot specify them in the annotations. You can use this construction instead. So, if the JUnit 3 code is:

import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import junit.framework.Test;

public final class MasterTester extends TestCase {

  public static TestSuite suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
    for (Test test : findAllTestCasesRuntime()) {
      suite.addTest(test);
    }
    return suite;
  }
}

The equivalent JUnit 4 code will be:

import org.junit.runners.AllTests;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import junit.framework.Test;

@RunWith(AllTests.class)
public final class MasterTester {

  public static TestSuite suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
    for (Test test : findAllTestCasesRuntime()) {
      suite.addTest(test);
    }
    return suite;
  }
}

Answer 2

I've tried this using JUnit 4.8 and it works:

@RunWith(AllTests.class)
public class SomeTests
{
    public static TestSuite suite()
    {
        TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();

        suite.addTest(new JUnit4TestAdapter(Test1.class));
        suite.addTest(new JUnit4TestAdapter(Test2.class));

        return suite;
     }
}

Answer 3

I found Classpath suite quite useful when used with a naming convention on my test classes.

https://github.com/takari/takari-cpsuite

Here is an example:

import org.junit.extensions.cpsuite.ClasspathSuite;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

@RunWith(ClasspathSuite.class)
@ClassnameFilters({".*UnitTest"})
public class MySuite {
}

Answer 4

I'm not sure what gatherTestClasses() does, but let's say it returns some tests when the OS is Linux and different tests when the OS is Windows. You can replicate that in JUnit 4.4 with assumptions :

@Test
public void onlyOnLinux() {
    assumeThat(getOS(), is(OperatingSystem.LINUX));
    // rest of test
}

@Test
public void onlyOnWindows() {
    assumeThat(getOS(), is(OperatingSystem.WINDOWS));
    // rest of test
}

@Test
public void anyOperatingSystem() {
    // just don't call assumeThat(..)
}

The implementation of getOS() and OperatingSystem being your custom code.

Answer 5

Here is a Complete example how to implement that. it combines of two testCase classes and one suite.

1. ExampleInstrumentedTest:

    import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule; import org.junit.Rule; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.junit.runners.JUnit4; @RunWith(JUnit4.class) public class ExampleInstrumentedTest { @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityTestRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class); @Test public void checkInputs() throws Exception { } }

2. ExampleInstrumentedTest2:

    import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule; import org.junit.Rule; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.junit.runners.JUnit4; @RunWith(JUnit4.class) public class ExampleInstrumentedTest2 { @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityTestRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class); @Test public void checkInputs() throws Exception { } }

3. ExampleInstrumentedSuite:

    import junit.framework.TestSuite; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.junit.runners.AllTests; @RunWith(AllTests.class) public class ExampleInstrumentedSuite { public static TestSuite suite() { TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(); suite.addTest(new junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter(ExampleInstrumentedTest.class)); suite.addTest(new junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter(ExampleInstrumentedTest2.class)); return suite; } }

Note that you should use @RunWith(JUnit4.class) instead of default @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) in testCase Class

Answer 6

public class MyTestCase extends TestCase {
    @Override
    public void runTest() {
        // define assertion here  <===
        assertEquals("yes", "yes");
    }
}

@RunWith(AllTests.class)
public class DynamicTestSuite {
    public static TestSuite suite() {
        TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();

        // dynamically create your test case here  <====
        suite.addTest(new MyTestCase());

        return suite;
    }
}