使用pair作为映射中的键（C++/STL）

Question

I want to use a pair from STL as a key of a map.

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

int main() {

typedef pair<char*, int> Key;
typedef map< Key , char*> Mapa;

Key p1 ("Apple", 45);
Key p2 ("Berry", 20);

Mapa mapa;

mapa.insert(p1, "Manzana");
mapa.insert(p2, "Arandano");

return 0;

}

But the compiler throw a bunch of unreadable information and I'm very new to C and C++.

How can I use a pair as a key in a map? And in general How can I use any kind of structure (objects, structs, etc) as a key in a map?

Thanks!

Answer 1

std::map::insert takes a single argument: the key-value pair, so you would need to use:

mapa.insert(std::make_pair(p1, "Manzana"));

You should use std::string instead of C strings in your types. As it is now, you will likely not get the results you expect because looking up values in the map will be done by comparing pointers, not by comparing strings.

If you really want to use C strings (which, again, you shouldn't), then you need to use const char* instead of char* in your types.

And in general How can I use any kind of structure (objects, structs, etc) as a key in a map?

You need to overload operator< for the key type or use a custom comparator.

Answer 2

Here's a working rewrite of the code in question:

#include <map>
#include <string>

class Key
{
  public: 
    Key(std::string s, int i)
    {
      this->s = s;
      this->i = i;
    }
    std::string s;
    int i;
    bool operator<(const Key& k) const
    {
      int s_cmp = this->s.compare(k.s);
      if(s_cmp == 0)
      {
        return this->i < k.i;
      }
      return s_cmp < 0;
    }
};

int main()
{


  Key p1 ("Apple", 45);
  Key p2 ("Berry", 20);

  std::map<Key,std::string> mapa;

  mapa[p1] = "Manzana";
  mapa[p2] = "Arandano";

  printf("mapa[%s,%d] --> %s\n",
    p1.s.c_str(),p1.i,mapa.begin()->second.c_str());
  printf("mapa[%s,%d] --> %s\n",
    p2.s.c_str(),p2.i,(++mapa.begin())->second.c_str());

  return 0;
}

Answer 3

Alternatively to what James McNellis stated:

mapa.insert(std::make_pair(p1, "Manzana"));

you could use mapa.insert({p1, "Manzana"});

Answer 4

This is a similar version of what you want to do, just change the data types, that's all. Also, use a c++ string, not the one we use in c.

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define  ll long long int
typedef pair<ll,ll> my_key_type;
typedef map<my_key_type,ll> my_map_type;
int  main()
{
    my_map_type m;
    m.insert(make_pair(my_key_type(30,40),6));
}   

Answer 5

std::map::emplace是你的朋友。

mapa.emplace(p1, "Manzana");

Answer 6

This is will do exactly what you want

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    map<pair<string, long long int>, string> MAP;
    pair<string, long long int> P;
    MAP.insert(pair<pair<string, long long int>, string>(pair<string, long long int>("Apple", 45), "Manzana"));
    MAP.insert(pair<pair<string, long long int>, string>(pair<string, long long int>("Berry", 20), "Arandano"));
    P = make_pair("Berry", 20);
    //to find berry, 20
    cout<<MAP[P]<<"\n";
    return 0;
}