定义为匿名内部类的Java事件侦听器如何使用封闭类中的变量？

Question

Here's the code:

protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
    Dialog dialog = null;
    if (id == DIALOG_SEARCH) {
        dialog = new Dialog(this);
        dialog.setContentView(R.layout.search_dialog_layout);
        dialog.setTitle("Search Dialog");
        Button button = (Button) dialog.findViewById(R.id.Button01);
        final Button button2 = (Button) dialog.findViewById(R.id.Button02);
        button2.setEnabled(false);
        button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                button2.setEnabled(true);
            }
        });
    }
    return dialog;
}

How does the anonymous inner class (the OnClickListener) have access to the button2 variable? Its onClick method is called at some random time in the future when button is clicked. In what context does this function run? How does it know about button2 ? I'm just confused about the scoping and context here.

Answer 1

Often, the best way to find out how the Java compiler does something is to compile the class and then run it through Jad (JAva Decompiler). In this case, it appears that javac just creates an extra variable on the anonymous inner class named "val$o" and initializes it in a static initializer. Seeing this transformation makes it clearer why Java requires that you make the variable final before using it in an anonymous inner class. Without the requirement, the two variables could end up with different values at runtime. Also, this is really no different than the mechanism Java uses to allow all inner classes (anonymous or named) access to their containing class. You can see that the inner class contains a reference to the containing class's this variable, named "this$0".

I compiled a simpler example:

public class Outer {

    public void outerMethod() {
        final Object o = "fromOuter";
        new Object() {
            public void innerMethod() {
                System.out.println(o);
            }
        }.innerMethod();
    }
}

and got this out the other end:

public class Outer {

    public Outer()
    {
    }

    public void outerMethod()
    {
        final Object o = "fromOuter";
        (new Object() {

            public void innerMethod()
            {
                System.out.println(o);
            }

            final Outer this$0;
            private final Object val$o;


            {
                this$0 = Outer.this;
                o = obj;
                super();
            }
        }).innerMethod();
    }
}

Answer 2

这里有一个相当详尽的解释： http : //renaud.waldura.com/doc/java/final-keyword.shtml#vars

Answer 3

您创建的任何匿名类都将保留对封闭类的引用，该引用使他们可以访问外部类中的变量。