WPF，设计器中的“对象引用未设置为对象的实例”

Question

I'm getting an "Object reference not set to an instance of an object" error when I try to reload the Designer for my XAML UserControl . Visual Studio highlights the following line as being the problem:

<local:TemplateDetail Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="3"
    Width="600" TemplateData="{Binding ElementName=cbo_templates,
                               Path=SelectedItem.Data, Mode=OneWay}"/>

TemplateDetail is another UserControl . When I view TemplateDetail , its Designer view loads just fine, so I don't think there's a problem there. There is a ComboBox in my XAML named cbo_templates that contains instances of my Template class, which has a Data property (hence SelectedItem.Data ). However, if I remove .Data from the Path in the above XAML, I still get the "Object reference" error, so I don't think the problem is that I'm trying to access the Path property on null . Here's my ComboBox XAML just in case:

<ComboBox ItemsSource="{Binding Path=List}" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="3"
          VerticalAlignment="Center" x:Name="cbo_templates" Width="250"
          HorizontalAlignment="Left" DisplayMemberPath="Name"
          SelectedValuePath="Name" SelectedIndex="0"/>

Getting this error is a real problem because the Design view won't load, so I can't see what my UserControl looks like without running the app. Any idea what could be wrong? It builds fine and I don't see any binding problems in the Build Output.

Edit: here is the constructor code for both UserControl s:

Constructor of UserControl with "Object reference" error:

InitializeComponent();
grd_templateList.DataContext = this; // refers to containing <Grid> in XAML

Constructor of UserControl I'm trying to embed, the one whose Design view loads okay:

InitializeComponent();
grd_templateDetail.DataContext = this; // refers to containing <Grid> in XAML

Edit: I tried putting an if (null != grd_templateList) check in the constructors before setting their DataContext properties, but that didn't help--still getting the "Object reference" error when reloading the Designer.

Edit: the List property that the ComboBox uses is a DependencyProperty . I have a default value set in the Register method:

public static readonly DependencyProperty ListProperty =
    DependencyProperty.Register(
        "List",
        typeof(List<Template>),
        typeof(TemplateList),
        new PropertyMetadata(
            new List<Template> { _defaultTemplate }
        )
    );

Even if I try to initialize List in the constructor for my UserControl , I still get the error when reloading the Designer. I don't think the problem is that List is null or SelectedItem.Data is a bad path.

Edit: okay, even just having this causes my Designer to not load, giving the "Object reference" error:

<local:TemplateDetail Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="3"
                      TemplateData="{Binding}"/>

There is something it dislikes about the TemplateData property being bound, apparently.

Edit: to add to the mystery, I can view the Design view of my overall/main Window , which includes the UserControl whose Design view gives me the "Object reference" error. O_o

Answer 1

What Alex says is the way to go. But I think its a little confusing to understand what he is saying.

Assuming you have your project open in Visual Studio, open another Visual Studio instance and select Debug->Attach To Process . In the dialog which opens select

• XDesProc.exe (which is the XAML UI Designer) for VS2012 and newer or
• devenv.exe for older VS versions.

Then do "Reload Designer" for the user control and see the output in the second VS instance to check what exactly is the error.

Answer 2

If you have 'Object reference not set to an instance of an object' in XAML, but your application compiles and runs fine, you will usually find out that its cause is something in a constructor that can't be resolved at design time.

While you can find out the root of the problem with the help of other answers to this question, sometimes that is something you can't simply fix, you need it in your code exactly as you have it, but you don't want to see this error.

In this case, just click the "Disable project code" button located on the bottom of your designer view and Visual Studio designer will stop trying to construct an instance to provide design time data view.

See here for detailed information.

Answer 3

It's probably something in the constructor of your user controls. VS2008 WPF designer appears have some issues with this.

In a project we took over, we added:

if (System.ComponentModel.DesignerProperties.GetIsInDesignMode(this))
{
    return;
}

to the beginning of the constructor of the user controls where this happens to avoid that error.

Answer 4

If your user control throws exception at design time, you can debug it. To do this, open Dll project with this user control in Visual Studio. Select another Visual Studio instance as executable for debugging. Start debugging. In the second (debugged) Visual Studio instance use your user control in the client XAML page. By this way, you can debug user control in design mode.

Answer 5

This thread is a little old, but I had a problem I just solved with its help, so I may be able to slightly clarify some points.

1. Have your solution loaded in Visual Studio as usual.
2. Open a 2nd instance of VS, menu debug/attach to process/select devenv. You should see nothing spectacular! In VS 2010, i just get "Disassembly cannot be displayed in run mode."
3. Go back to your 1st instance, where your solution is opened. Load or reload the offending XAML file. If you have a problem (I had an exception on a user control, so I could not load that window), the debugger should point the offending code in the 2nd instance. in my case, it was very clear and obvious.

To prevent the offending code from running at design time, I used

    If System.ComponentModel.LicenseUsageMode.Runtime = 1 Then
        myObject = New ObjectDefinition
    End If

Works perfectly well.

Answer 6

In Visual Studio 2015 for WPF:

1. Hover with your mouse over the "Object reference not set to an instance of an object" in the Design view.
2. Wait a (few) second(s) and you will see a popup
3. Select " View Exception Details " (you will also see "View Code" and "Delete this element"
4. This dialog will show you the exception and the StackTrace

Hope this helps.

If you do this on the XAML you will just see the exception but not the popup with "View Exception Details", thus you need to do it in the Designer/Design view.

Answer 7

I was able to solve the problem after giving a name to an object. It is VS2015, and my markup is different, but it could help somebody too:

<ResourceDictionary>
    <DataTemplate x:Key="ThisKeySolvesDesignersNullRef" 
                    DataType="local:MyViewModel">
        <local:MyControl/>
    </DataTemplate>
</ResourceDictionary>

Answer 8

I was having this error today after editing a lot of XAML in my UWP code and I couldn't figure out what was wrong... but after some close inspection, I noticed this mistake I had made:

<Button Click="{Binding MyCommand}" />

I assigned my Command to the Click handler by mistake, and that resulted in a null reference exception... After changing Click to Command, the error went away.

XAML error reporting needs to be improved!