如何将 this 上下文传递给函数？

Question

I thought this would be something I could easily google, but maybe I'm not asking the right question...

How do I set whatever "this" refers to in a given javascript function?

for example, like with most of jQuery's functions such as:

$(selector).each(function() {
   //$(this) gives me access to whatever selector we're on
});

How do I write/call my own standalone functions that have an appropriate "this" reference when called? I use jQuery, so if there's a jQuery-specific way of doing it, that'd be ideal.

Answer 1

Javascripts .call() and .apply() methods allow you to set the context for a function.

var myfunc = function(){
    alert(this.name);
};

var obj_a = {
    name:  "FOO"
};

var obj_b = {
    name:  "BAR!!"
};

Now you can call:

myfunc.call(obj_a);

Which would alert FOO . The other way around, passing obj_b would alert BAR!! . The difference between .call() and .apply() is that .call() takes a comma separated list if you're passing arguments to your function and .apply() needs an array.

myfunc.call(obj_a, 1, 2, 3);
myfunc.apply(obj_a, [1, 2, 3]);

Therefore, you can easily write a function hook by using the apply() method. For instance, we want to add a feature to jQuerys .css() method. We can store the original function reference, overwrite the function with custom code and call the stored function.

var _css = $.fn.css;
$.fn.css = function(){
   alert('hooked!');
   _css.apply(this, arguments);
};

Since the magic arguments object is an array like object, we can just pass it to apply() . That way we guarantee, that all parameters are passed through to the original function.

Answer 2

Use function.call :

var f = function () { console.log(this); }
f.call(that, arg1, arg2, etc);

Where that is the object which you want this in the function to be.

Answer 3

Another basic example:

NOT working:

var img = new Image;
img.onload = function() {
   this.myGlobalFunction(img);
};
img.src = reader.result;

Working:

var img = new Image;
img.onload = function() {
   this.myGlobalFunction(img);
}.bind(this);
img.src = reader.result;

So basically: just add .bind(this) to your function

Answer 4

You can use the bind function to set the context of this within a function.

function myFunc() {
  console.log(this.str)
}
const myContext = {str: "my context"}
const boundFunc = myFunc.bind(myContext);
boundFunc(); // "my context"

Answer 5

jQuery uses a .call(...) method to assign the current node to this inside the function you pass as the parameter.

EDIT:

Don't be afraid to look inside jQuery's code when you have a doubt, it's all in clear and well documented Javascript.

ie: the answer to this question is around line 574,
callback.call( object[ name ], name, object[ name ] ) === false