如何检查文件夹的内容是否已更改

Question

I need a procedure that checks if new folders/files were added to a given selected folder. I need this procedure to run upon application start up so the processing time at this stage is important.

I guess I can make a log of current state, log of the previous state, sort and compare them.

1. First I need to know if there is another way.

2. Second if there is no other way what is the best way to find difference between two lists of files paths: both structure and algorithms.

Old state:

c:\firstfolder\a.doc
c:\firstfolder\b.doc
c:\firstfolder\secondFolder\a.doc
c:\firstfolder\secondFolder\b.doc

New state:

c:\firstfolder\a.doc
c:\firstfolder\b.doc 
c:\firstfolder\secondFolder\a.doc 
c:\firstfolder\secondFolder\b.doc 
c:\firstfolder\secondFolder\c.doc

I'm looking for c:\\firstfolder\\secondFolder\\c.doc .

Answer 1

您可以使用FileSystemWatcher类，我认为它确实在做您所追求的。

Answer 2

I think that the Sync Framework may be what you are looking for.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/sync/default.aspx

Answer 3

Since your application is not running continuously, using a FileSystemWatcher does not seem like a good option for you, but I did want to mention it since it might spark some ideas on your side.

If you have a list of the old state and create a list of the new state you can use an algorithm like the one outlined here to compare the two lists to determine additions and deletions since the first list was created. That accepted answer to the provided link also has a nice solution that works very well if the lists are not sorted.

Answer 4

I think the best bet is recursing through the directory and saving the state. Something like this:

public List<FileData> RecurseDirectory(string directory, int level, out int files, out int folders)
        {
            IntPtr INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = new IntPtr(-1);
            //long size = 0;
            files = 0;
            folders = 0;
            WIN32_FIND_DATA findData;
            List<FileData> list = new List<FileData>();

            IntPtr findHandle;

            // add global escape chars if not present.
            if (directory.StartsWith(@"\\?\"))
            {
                findHandle = FindFirstFile(directory + @"\*", out findData);
            }
            else
            {
                findHandle = FindFirstFile(@"\\?\" + directory + @"\*", out findData);
            }


            if (findHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            {
                //if file exists:


                do
                {
                    if ((findData.dwFileAttributes & FileAttributes.Directory) != 0)
                    {
                        //if it's a directory:

                        if (findData.cFileName != "." && findData.cFileName != "..")
                        {
                            //increment folder counter.
                            folders++;

                            int subfiles, subfolders;
                            string subdirectory = directory + (directory.EndsWith(@"\") ? "" : @"\") +
                                findData.cFileName;
                            //Console.WriteLine("Dir:" + subdirectory);

                            //add it to list
                            String path = subdirectory;
                            FileData tempFileData = new FileData();
                            tempFileData.path = path;
                            tempFileData.fileProperties = findData;
                            list.Add(tempFileData);

                            //allows -1 to do complete search.
                            if (level != 0)
                            {
                                //recurse through to next subfolder
                                list.AddRange(RecurseDirectory(subdirectory, level - 1, out subfiles, out subfolders));

                                folders += subfolders;
                                files += subfiles;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // File
                        files++;
                        string subfile = directory + (directory.EndsWith(@"\") ? "" : @"\") +
                                findData.cFileName;
                        //Console.WriteLine("File:" + subfile);
                        //list.Add("File:" + subfile);
                        String path = subfile;
                        FileData t = new FileData();
                        t.path = path;
                        t.fileProperties = findData;
                        list.Add(t);

                        //size += (long)findData.nFileSizeLow + (long)findData.nFileSizeHigh * 4294967296L;
                    }
                }
                while (FindNextFile(findHandle, out findData));
                FindClose(findHandle);

            }

            return list;
        }

After this, you'll have the list of the state. If you have the old-state in the list also. Compare the lists Now.

Answer 5

You can save time info of the last state. Then you just can compare the creation times of files and folders with that. The following code may give you an idea:

foreach(FileInfo f in dir.GetFiles() {
   if(f.CreationTime > dtLastState ) {
         //do some interesting stuff
   }
} 

Edit: This is not a complete answer. You cannot get the deleted files by this code.