从C中的文件读取特定数量的行（scanf，fseek，fgets）

Question

I have a process master that spawns N child processes that communicate with the parent through unnamed pipes. I must be able to:

• make the father open the file and then send, to each child, a struct telling that it has to read from min to max line;
• this is going to happen at the same time, so I don't know:
• 1st how to divide total_lines for N maps and
• 2nd how do I make each child read just the lines it is supposed to?

My problem does not concern the OS concepts, only the file operations :S

Perhaps fseek? I can't mmap the log file (some have more than 1GB).

I would appreciate some ideas. Thank you in advance

EDIT: I'm trying to make the children read the respective lines without using fseek and the value of chunks, so, could someone please tell me if this is valid? :

//somewhere in the parent process:

    FILE* logFile = fopen(filename, "r");
                while (fgets(line, 1024, logFile) != NULL) {
                    num_lines++;
                }
                rewind(logFile);
                int prev = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < maps_nr; i++) {
                    struct send_to_Map request;
                    request.fp = logFile;
                    request.lower = lowLimit;
                    request.upper = highLimit;

                    if (i == 0)
                        request.minLine = 0;
                    else
                        request.minLine = 1 + prev;
                    if(i!=maps_nr-1)
                        request.maxLine = (request.minLine + num_lines / maps_nr) - 1;
                    else
                       request.maxLine = (request.minLine + num_lines / maps_nr)+(num_lines%maps_nr);
                    prev = request.maxLine;

                }
                //write this structure to respective pipe


//child process:

while(1) {
      ...
      //reads the structure to pipe (and knows which lines to read)
      int n=0, counter=0;
      while (fgets(line, 1024, logFile) != NULL){
         if (n>=minLine and n<=maxLine)
              counter+= process(Line);//returns 1 if IP was found, in that line, between the low and high limit
         n++; 
      }
     //(...) 
}

I don't know if it's going to work, I just to make it work! Even like this, is it possible to outperform a single process reading the whole file and printing the total number of ips found in the log file?

Answer 1

If you don't care about dividing the file exactly evenly, and the distribution of line lengths is somewhat even over the entire file, you can avoid reading the entire file in the parent once.

1. Get the file size.
2. chunk_size = file_size / number_of_children
3. When you spawn each child do in the parent:
   • seek to (child_num+1) * chunk_size
   • Read forward until you find a newline.
   • Spawn the child, telling it to start at the end of the previous chunk (or 0 for the first child), and the actual length of the chunk.
4. Each child seeks to start and reads chunk_size bytes.

That's a rough sketch of the strategy.

Edited to simplify things a bit.

Edit : here's some untested code for step 3, and step 4 below. This is all untested, and I haven't been careful about off-by-one errors, but it gives you an idea of the usage of fseek and ftell , which sounds like what you are looking for.

// Assume FILE* f is open to the file, chunk_size is the average expected size,
// child_num is the id of the current child, spawn_child() is a function that
// handles the logic of spawning a child and telling it where to start reading,
// and how much to read. child_chunks[] is an array of structs to keep track of
// where the chunks start and how big they are.
if(fseek(f, child_num * chunk_size, SEEK_SET) < 0) { handle_error(); }
int ch;
while((ch = fgetc(f)) != FEOF && ch != '\n')
{/*empty*/}

// FIXME: needs to handle EOF properly.
child_chunks[child_num].end = ftell(f); // FIXME: needs error check.
child_chunks[child_num+1].start = child_chunks[child_num].end + 1;
spawn_child(child_num);

Then in your child (step 4), assume the child has access to child_chunks[] and knows its child_num :

void this_is_the_child(int child_num)
{
    /* ... */

    fseek(f, child_chunks[child_num].start, SEEK_SET); // FIXME: handle error
    while(fgets(...) && ftell(f) < child_chunks[child_num].end)
    {
    }
}

Answer 2

/* get an array with line-startpositions (file-offsets) */
fpos_t readLineBegins(FILE *f,fpos_t **begins)
{
  fpos_t ch=0, mark=0, num=0;
  *begins = 0;
  do {
    if( ch=='\n' )
    {
       *begins = realloc( *begins, ++num * sizeof(fpos_t) );
      (*begins)[num-1] = mark;
        mark = ftell(f);
    }
  } while( (ch=fgetc(f))!=EOF );

  if( mark<ftell(f) )
  {
    *begins = realloc( *begins, ++num * sizeof(fpos_t) );
    (*begins)[num-1]=mark;
  }

  return num;
}

/* output linenumber beg...end */
void workLineBlocks(FILE *f,fpos_t *begins,fpos_t beg,fpos_t end)
{
  while( beg<=end )
  {
    int ch;
    fsetpos( f, &begins[beg] ); /* set linestart-position */
    printf("%ld:", ++beg );
    while( (ch=fgetc(f))!=EOF && ch!='\n' && ch!='\r' )
      putchar(ch);
    puts("");
  }
}

main()
{
  FILE *f=fopen("file.txt","rb");
  fpos_t *lineBegins, /* Array with line-startpositions */
  lb = readLineBegins(f,&lineBegins); /* get number of lines */

  workLineBlocks(f,lineBegins,lb-2,lb-1); /* out last two lines */
  workLineBlocks(f,lineBegins,0,1); /* out first two lines */

  fclose(f);
  free(lineBegins);
}

Answer 3

我认为它可以帮助您： 从文本文件中读取特定范围的行