您如何在 Mongo 中查询“不为空”？

Question

I would like to execute a following query:

db.mycollection.find(HAS IMAGE URL)

What should be the correct syntax?

Answer 1

This will return all documents with a key called "IMAGE URL", but they may still have a null value.

db.mycollection.find({"IMAGE URL":{$exists:true}});

This will return all documents with both a key called "IMAGE URL" and a non-null value.

db.mycollection.find({"IMAGE URL":{$ne:null}});

Also, according to the docs, $exists currently can't use an index, but $ne can.

Edit: Adding some examples due to interest in this answer

Given these inserts:

db.test.insert({"num":1, "check":"check value"});
db.test.insert({"num":2, "check":null});
db.test.insert({"num":3});

This will return all three documents:

db.test.find();

This will return the first and second documents only:

db.test.find({"check":{$exists:true}});

This will return the first document only:

db.test.find({"check":{$ne:null}});

This will return the second and third documents only:

db.test.find({"check":null})

Answer 2

One liner is the best :

db.mycollection.find({ 'fieldname' : { $exists: true, $ne: null } });

Here,

mycollection : place your desired collection name

fieldname : place your desired field name

Explaination :

$exists : When is true, $exists matches the documents that contain the field, including documents where the field value is null. If is false, the query returns only the documents that do not contain the field.

$ne selects the documents where the value of the field is not equal to the specified value. This includes documents that do not contain the field.

So in your provided case following query going to return all the documents with imageurl field exists and having not null value:

db.mycollection.find({ 'imageurl' : { $exists: true, $ne: null } });

Answer 3

In pymongo you can use:

db.mycollection.find({"IMAGE URL":{"$ne":None}});

Because pymongo represents mongo "null" as python "None".

Answer 4

db.collection_name.find({"filed_name":{$exists:true}});

fetch documents that contain this filed_name even it is null.

Warning

db.collection_name.find({"filed_name":{$ne:null}});

fetch documents that its field_name has a value $ne to null but this value could be an empty string also.

My proposition:

db.collection_name.find({ "field_name":{$ne:null},$where:"this.field_name.length >0"})

Answer 5

Sharing for future readers.

This query worked for us (query executed from MongoDB compass ):

{
  "fieldName": {
    "$nin": [
      "",
      null
    ]
  }
}

Answer 6

In an ideal case, you would like to test for all three values , null , "" or empty (field doesn't exist in the record)

You can do the following.

db.users.find({$and: [{"name" : {$nin: ["", null]}}, {"name" : {$exists: true}}]})

Answer 7

检查 mongo compass 中是否存在列的最简单方法是：

{ 'column_name': { $exists: true } }

Answer 8

An alternative that has not been mentioned, but that may be a more efficient option for some (won't work with NULL entries) is to use a sparse index (entries in the index only exist when there is something in the field). Here is a sample data set:

db.foo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("544540b31b5cf91c4893eb94"), "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/foo.jpg" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("544540ba1b5cf91c4893eb95"), "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/bar.jpg" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("544540c51b5cf91c4893eb96"), "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/foo.png" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("544540c91b5cf91c4893eb97"), "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/bar.png" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("544540ed1b5cf91c4893eb98"), "otherField" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("544540f11b5cf91c4893eb99"), "otherField" : 2 }

Now, create the sparse index on imageUrl field:

db.foo.ensureIndex( { "imageUrl": 1 }, { sparse: true } )
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
    "ok" : 1
}

Now, there is always a chance (and in particular with a small data set like my sample) that rather than using an index, MongoDB will use a table scan, even for a potential covered index query. As it turns out that gives me an easy way to illustrate the difference here:

db.foo.find({}, {_id : 0, imageUrl : 1})
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/foo.jpg" }
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/bar.jpg" }
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/foo.png" }
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/bar.png" }
{  }
{  }

OK, so the extra documents with no imageUrl are being returned, just empty, not what we wanted. Just to confirm why, do an explain:

db.foo.find({}, {_id : 0, imageUrl : 1}).explain()
{
    "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
    "isMultiKey" : false,
    "n" : 6,
    "nscannedObjects" : 6,
    "nscanned" : 6,
    "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 6,
    "nscannedAllPlans" : 6,
    "scanAndOrder" : false,
    "indexOnly" : false,
    "nYields" : 0,
    "nChunkSkips" : 0,
    "millis" : 0,
    "server" : "localhost:31100",
    "filterSet" : false
}

So, yes, a BasicCursor equals a table scan, it did not use the index. Let's force the query to use our sparse index with a hint() :

db.foo.find({}, {_id : 0, imageUrl : 1}).hint({imageUrl : 1})
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/bar.jpg" }
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/bar.png" }
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/foo.jpg" }
{ "imageUrl" : "http://example.com/foo.png" }

And there is the result we were looking for - only documents with the field populated are returned. This also only uses the index (ie it is a covered index query), so only the index needs to be in memory to return the results.

This is a specialized use case and can't be used generally (see other answers for those options). In particular it should be noted that as things stand you cannot use count() in this way (for my example it will return 6 not 4), so please only use when appropriate.

Answer 9

db.<collectionName>.find({"IMAGE URL":{"$exists":"true"}, "IMAGE URL": {$ne: null}})

Answer 10

Thanks for providing a solution, I noticed in MQL, sometimes $ne:null doesn't work instead we need to use syntax $ne:"" ie in the context of above example we would need to use db.mycollection.find({"IMAGE URL":{"$ne":""}}) - Not sure why this occurs, I have posted this question in the MongoDB forum.

following is the snapshot showing example:

Answer 11

the Query Will be

db.mycollection.find({"IMAGE URL":{"$exists":"true"}})

it will return all documents having "IMAGE URL" as a key ...........