使用C，C ++使用do-while循环检查输入

Question

Hello i'm trying to use a do-while loop to check the input and repeat the prompt until the user types in a correct integer. So that's my code:

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>    

int main ()
{

  int a;

  do
  {
     printf("Please type in your number: ");
  }while(scanf_s("%d", &a) == 0); 

  std::cin.get();
  std::cin.get();

  return 0;
}

Well it seems to work. When I type in a number the program runs correctly. But when I type in a letter an infinite loop starts. Sincerly I don't know where the problem is.

Answer 1

Again, I suggest reading a line into a string and then trying to parse that string according to your needs. If the parse fails, simply prompt the user again. You can bury the messy details in a function template:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

template <typename T>
T read(std::string prompt)
{
    for (; ;)
    {
        std::cout << prompt;
        std::string line;
        getline(std::cin, line);
        std::istringstream ss(line);
        T x;
        if ((ss >> x) && (ss >> std::ws).eof()) return x;
    }
}

int main ()
{
    int a = read<int>("Please type in your number: ");
    std::cout << "You entered " << a << '\n';
}

Answer 2

Here's what's going on -- I'll go through step by step. Starting from the do :

1. output: Please type in your number:
2. call to scanf Scanf finds that stdin is empty, and therefore waits for a line to be typed in.
3. input : letter (note that the input buffer now contains "letter")
4. scanf attempts to parse the string as an integer. Parsing fails before it consumes any characters. Therefore the buffer still contains "letter"
5. scanf returns EOF (error)
6. output: Please type in your number:
7. call to scanf -- scanf sees that there's already waiting input in stdin
8. scanf attempts to parse the buffer as an integer.....

This will go on forever because scanf will never consume the characters from the buffer. You can solve the problem by correctly checking for an error return code from scanf .

Answer 3

@ ordo

Blockquote

I have modified my code so that it works now. But sincerly it just works for numbers and letters. I want it to work with every char. For example "!?%". I have already tried to change the "isalnum" by "isascii" but that does not work.

Blockquote

You can use

if(userInput>='!'&& userInput<= '~') // refer ASCII chart between !and ~. { exit=0; }

http://www.cdrummond.qc.ca/cegep/informat/professeurs/alain/images/ASCII1.GIF

Answer 4

First of all never ever use scanf as its one hell of a dangerous function.

If you want to stick with C you should use fgets to read the input from the user to a buffer and then atoi to convert the input from the user to an integer.

Note: fgets always adds the 'enter' in to the buffer so you want to strip it off before converting the content of the buffer.

this could be easily done as follow:

_buffer[strlen(_buffer)-1] = '\0';

Answer 5

I have modified my code so that it works now. But sincerly it just works for numbers and letters. I want it to work with every char. For example "!?%". I have already tried to change the "isalnum" by "isascii" but that does not work.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main ()
  {

    int a;
    int b = 1;
    char c ;

    do
    { 
      printf("Please type in a number: ");

      if (scanf("%d", &a) == 0)
      {
        printf("Your input is not correct\n");
        do 
        {
          c = getchar();
        }
        while (isalnum(c));  
        ungetc(c, stdin);    
      }
      else
      { 
      printf("Thank you! ");
      b--;
      }

    }
    while(b != 0); 

    getchar();
    getchar();

    return 0;
  }

Answer 6

int main ()
{    
  int a;
  char userInput,exit=1;

  do
  {
     printf("Please type in your number: ");
     userInput=getch();

     if(userInput=='1') // suppose the correct input is 1.
     { exit=0; }         

  }while(exit); 

  std::cin.get();
  std::cin.get();

  return 0;
}

If the input is between 0 and 9 ...

 if(userInput>='0'&& userInput<= '9') // suppose the correct input is 1.
    { exit=0; }

Note that we have to use ' ' signs

Answer 7

You can use getchar() function

do
  {
     printf("Please type in your number: ");
  }while((getchar() - '0') == 0);